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Leaves - Coggle Diagram
Leaves
Morphology and Anatomy of Other Leaf Types
Succulent Leaves
Composition
thick
fleshy
Mesophyll
very little air space
reduces water loss
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fairly transparent
allows photosynthesis to occur deeper
Function
favors water retention
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Shapes
cylindrical
spherical
Sclerophyllous Foliage Leaves
highly sclerenchymatous
resistant
animals
fungi
freezing temperatures
UV light
Composition
sclerenchyma
location
just below epidermis
in bundle sheaths
Cuticle
composition
thick
waxy
Leaves of Conifers
Sclerophylls
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Composition
thick cuticle
dermal cells
epidermis
thick walls
hypodermis
thick walls
always simple leaves
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evergreens
Bud Scales
Function
Protection
Apical Meristem
Composition
small
rarely compound
short to no petiole
thin layer of corky bark
Spines
Example
Cacti
two types of leaves
microscopic green leaves
location
on green cactus body
spines
modified axillary buds
Composition
no mesophyll
no vascular tissue
closely packed fibers
Tendrils
grow indefinitely
Composition
contact sensing cells
no lamina
Leaves with Kranz Anatomy
C4 Plants
Composition
no palisade parenchyma
no spongy mesophyll
prominent bundle sheaths
composition
large chlorophyllous cells
ring of mesophyll cells
Insect Traps
Composition
thin
parenchymatous
numerous stomata
vascular bundles
mesophyll
containing
aerenchyma
chlorenchyma
tubular lamina
secretes digestive fluid
trichomes
Function
photosynthesis
capture insects
use
nitrogen
Concepts
leaves must be flat
maximum absorption
light
Carbon Dioxide
Tissues must be alive
chlorophyll rich chlorenchyma
photosynthesis
Stem
conduction of materials
cells must be dead
Leaves contain primary tissues
secondary production (rare)
wood
bark
Internal Structure of Foliage Leaves
Epidermis
Functions
Transpiration
water loss through the epidermis
Carbon dioxide entry
Composition
Epidermal cells
guard cells
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trichomes
Oleander has sunken epidermis w/ trichomes
Functions
shading
prevention
rapid air movement
water loss
two sides
lower
higher stomatal density
upper
Mesophyll
Location
interior to epidermis
Composition
ground tissue
Palisade mesophyll
parenchyma
Function
photosynthesis
Composition
one to four layers thick
Spongy Mesophyll
Composition
Open
Loose
Aerenchyma
Function
Gas Exchange
Vascular Tissues
Eudicot
Composition
1 midvein
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Composition
Lateral veins
function
conduction
composition
primary xylem
1 more item...
primary Phloem
1 more item...
Bundle Sheath
minor veins
function
release water from xylem
load sugar into phloem
Types of Vascular Tissue
primary xylem
upper side
primary phloem
under side
Bundle Sheath
Function
Conduction
Petiole
Composition
fewer stomata
Fewer trichomes
mesophyll
Composition
not especially aerenchymatous
large amounts of collenchyma
Leaf traces
Stipules
Function
protect shoot apical meristem
photosynthesis
External Structure of Foliage Leaves
Function
Photosynthesis
Absorb carbon dioxide
Make carbohydrate
Water retention
Invader resistance
Defense against predators
Wind resistance
Effective use of resources
Shape
Wide/Flat
Maximum Photosynthesis
Composition
Chlorenchyma layer
Thick
Leaf blade/Lamina
Light-harvesting
Two shapes
Simple
one part
Compound
several individual parts
leaflets
Two types
pinnately
leaflets attached individually along rachis
palmately
leaflets attached at same point
Dorsal surface/Abaxial side
Ventral surface/Adaxial
Smooth
Petiole/Stalk
Holds blade into light
Advantages
Long, thin, and flexible
blade flutters in wind
cooling leaf
Bringing fresh air to surface
Difficult for insect to land
Small/long and narrow
No petiole
Sessile leaf
Advantages
Trap water
Monocots
Sheathing leaf base
Veins
function
distribute water
collect sugars
where do they occur?
angiosperms/eudicots
reticulate venation
netted pattern
monocots
parallel venation
side by side
Abscission zone
cutting off leaf at end of life
leaving a leaf scar
Initiation and Development of Leaves
Basal Angiosperms and Eudicots
Leaf primordium
Composition
Leaf protoderm
leaf ground meristem
Monocots
Leaf Primordium
