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A system of government run by the people for the people.
People have power to determine how they will be ruled or managed.
representative democracy
Representatives are elected to make laws on our behalf.
Citizens over age of 18 are required to vote in local elections.
direct democracy
Citizens meeting together to make laws for their society.
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respect
Treating others with consideration and valuing their views, beliefs and rights.
equality
Rights and privileges for all, without discriminations based on gender, race, religion, age, sexual orientation or level of education. All citizens have the right to the same opportunities.
fairness
All people are treated fairly, or without injustice and are given an equal opportunity. Also known as 'fair go', in Australia.
freedom
Rights, privileges and responsibilities for all without interference, or control from other citizens or government.
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a parliament
Consisting of two chambers or houses, that is elected by the people to make laws on their behalf. Citizens vote for members of the parliament in free and fair elections and all laws must be passed by a majority (over half) of the representatives in both houses.
a sovereign (king, queen, or governor general)
To act as the Head of State and hold various powers including being required to give final approval to all laws made by the parliament. The sovereign or Crown also has a ceremonial role, including representing the country of national and international events.
In Australia our Federal and State government are modelled on the Westminster system.
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People should treat each other in a manner that is fair and balanced for all.
The key features pf WA and AUS legal systems are designed to deliver justice to all
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Good citizens contribute or take part in society through activities such as voting in an election or referendum, serving on a jury, or paying taxes.
Citizens who participate reap the rewards of living in a society where elected members of parliament seek to represent their views, those who break the law are treated fairly, and the services that we can all use, such as schools and roads.
One of the most important ways we can participate in a democracy by voting in an election. We have the power to influence the way our country is run.
Governments can also give citizens the opportunity to participate in important decisions outside of elections and referendums.
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Refers to our entitlements and duties as citizens.
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AKA Federal or Commonwealth Parliament
Make laws concerning whole country e.g. defence, immigration and trade for whole nation.
Political system- a way of determining who had power and responsibility for making decisions about important matters that affect people's daily lives
Set out in the Australian Constitution
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Not all members belong to a political party
Members are called 'independents'
Some may have belonged to a political party but were dissatisfied
Play a powerful role in parliament, particularly if major party relied on their vote to pass important laws
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lower house
AKA House of Representatives
Australia is divided into 150 geographical divisions known as electorates or seats.
One candidate is voted from each electorate
Most members belong to a political party
A political party or group of parties is known as a 'coalition'
Leader of the party that has won majority of the seats in the HoR is the Prime Minister
upper house
AKA Senate
Each state has 12 senators and ACT and NT have 2 senators each
They're elected to represent the interests of the state they belong to, but they usually belong to a political party and will be influenced by party policy rather than state interests.
why two houses?
The senate is seen as the house of review
A house that checks what the government of the day is doing and holds it accountable for its actions
Parliament
The commonwealth parliament includes both houses of parliament, as well as the -Governor-General
G-G is appointer by Queen on advice of Prime Minister
They appoint ambassadors, ministers and judges plues approve laws by both houses of parliament
Government
The party or coalition that has a majority of seats in the HoR
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Elections held at regular intervals
Australia is a liberal democracy
Certain values viewed as extremely important: Freedom of speech
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Those who are elected to represent us meet at a place called parliament
Where laws are changed or new laws are passed
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A statement of principles that aims to guide action that must be taken in the future
The political party that wins the election and forms government must put their policies into action
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labor-key principles
Tries to close gap between rich and poor so that wealth is more evenly distributed
Strives for a fairer Australia for all workers
Australia's oldest political party
Believes that government should pay a strong national role
liberal-key principles
Liberals and Nationals join forces at federal level so enough members are enough to form government
Believes in the power of the individual and business to make their own choices and prosper
Strives for less government control
Political parties are made up of groups of people who share similar ideas about hoe their country or state should be run
inationals-key principle
Represents the interests of those Australians that live outside the cities in country Australia
Believe in strong local communications referring to themselves as the 'local champions'
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To act as head of state and hold various powers including being required to give final approval to all laws made by the parliament
Also has a ceremonial role, including representing the country at national and international events
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common law
precedent
When a judge makes a decision to resolve a dispute, the reasoning behind their decision creates a legal principle or law that must be followed by judge in other courts when a similar cases rises
statutory interpretation
A judge may be called to resolve a dispute in which there is existing legislation, but the wording of the legislation is unclear
statutory law
Laws made by parliament
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Civil
defamation
A person believes they have suffered harm due to another person making false statements publically
Breach of contract
One individual believes another has failed to carry out the terms of a legally binding contract
negligence
An individual claims they have suffered injury due to another persons failure to take reasonable care when there is a responsibility to do so
Criminal
Summary
AKA Simple offences are minor crimes which are generally heard in the Magistrates Court
Indictment
Serious crimes that are generally heard in the higher courts, such as District Court and the Supreme Court
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Form of dishonest or unethical behaviour that causes people to break rules for their own gain
We have independent and unbiased anti-corruption agencies to investigate and punish those involved in the legal system
Whistle blowers are people who are willing to come forwards and report this behaviour
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Delays may occur to many reasons, including:
Lack of legal assistance for those who cannot afford a lawyer
Complex and time-consuming court processes and procedures
Increasing number and complexitiy of cases being brought to court
Delays can increase costs, causing emotional stress and hardships, and reducing witnesses abilities to accurately recall their evidence
Sometimes people have to abandon civil cases because they cannot afford to pay the money that the legal system requires
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Media can spread information quickly in a way that can create the impression of a person's guilt before they have even been to court
A key principle is that the accused is innocent until proven guilty, but members of a jury may be biased and think a suspect is guilty because of what they have seen and heard in the media
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Police must follow legal procedures when investigating crime to make sure those involved are treated fairly
