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Homeostatis :recycle: - Coggle Diagram
Homeostatis :recycle:
Control
Negative Feedback
Effector
Muscles
Glands
Co-ordinator
Receptor
Positive Feedback
e.g : Action Potentials in Neurones
Negative Feedback
Thermoregulation
Receptors
Hypothalamus
Skin
Decrease in Temperature
vasoconstriction
shivering
raising body hairs
decreasing production of sweat
increasing secretion of adrenaline
Increase in Temperature
vasodilatation
lowering body hairs
increasing sweat productions
Osmoregulation
involves
hypothalamus
posterior pituitary gland
kidneys
decrease in water potential
osmoreceptors in hypothalamus send nerve impulses
stimulate release of ADH in pituitary gland
ADH binds to receptor in collecting duct
iincrease aquaporin in collecting duct
more water absorbed
increase in water potential
osmoreceptors no longer stimulated
posterior pituitary gland stop secreting ADH
aquaporins removed from cell surface membrane
Control of Blood Glucose
by islets of Langerhans in pancreas
α-cells
glucagon
β-cells
insulin
high blood glucose concentration
alpha & beta cells detect rise
less glucagon & more insulin secreted
liver : no glycogen breakdown
liver, muscle & fat : more insulin (Increased uptake and use of glucose)
low blood glucose concentration
alpha & beta detect fall
more glucagon & less insuliin
liver : breaking down glycogen into glucose
liver,muscle, & fat : less insulin (reduce uptake of glucose)
glucose transporter protein
muscle
GLUT4
brain cells
GLUT1
liver cells
GLUT2
Excretion
Types
urea
produced in liver
produced from excess amino acids
carbon dioxide
Kidney
structure
nephrons
bowman's capsule
glomerulus (cortex)
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
proximal convoluted tubule (cortex)
distal convoluted tubule (cortex)
loop of henle (medulla)
urine process
ultrafiltration
filtered by
endotheliumm of capillaries
basement membranes (really small)
made of
collagen
glycoproteins
podocytes
reabsorption part 1
happened in
proximal convoluted tubule
cells adaptation
microvilli
tight junctions
many mitochondria
co-transporter proteins
reabsorbed molecules
glucose
amino acids
vitamins
Na+ and Cl-
urea
water
reabsorption part 2
happened in
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
loop of henle
ascending limb
actively transport Na+ and Cl- into tissue fluid
decreases water potential in tissue fluid
increase water potential in ascending limb
descending limb
water moves into tissue fluid by osmosis
Na+ and Cl- diffuses into the loop
distal convoluted tubule
part one
the same way as ascending limb in loop of henle
part two
the same way as collecting duct
collecting duct
Na+ actively pump into tissue fluid
K+ actively transported into the tubule
Diabetes
Type I
pancreas cant secrete sufficient insulin
aka juvenile onset diabetes
medication : regular injection of insulin
Type II
liver & muscle don't respond appropriately to insulin
medication : diet & exercise
diabetic people have glucose and ketones in their urine
urine analysis
biosensor
dip sticks
Plants
stomata
open
in response to
increase light intensity
low CO2 concentration
gain CO2 for photosynthesis
lose much water in transpiration
close
in response to
darkness
high CO2 concentration
low humidity
high temperature
water stress
supply of CO2 decreases
rate of photosynthesis decrease
water is retained inside leaf
