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Homeostatis - Coggle Diagram
Homeostatis
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Excretion
Urea formation
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also produce creatinine (made in the liver, used as energy storage) and uric acid (breakdown of purines)
Deamination: removal of an amino group, done in the liver.
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Kidney
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Ultrafiltration
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How?
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water from blood goes down its water potential gradient through endothelium, basement membrane and podocytes
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Basement membrane: inner lining of Bowman's capsule, to filter large molecules
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Loop of Henle
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This concentrates the fluid inside the loop, so ions passively move down their concentration gradient, into the tissue fluid
Distal convoluted tubule
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Reabsorption of water
fluid in ascending limb is dilute due to loss of ions and urea, concentrating tissue fluid in medulla
When fluid enters collecting duct from DCT, it returns to the concentrated medulla region, thus water moves out by osmosis into the tissue fluid and is reabsorbed, concentrating urine
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Control of blood glucose
when glucose concentration is low, cells may not have enough glucose for respiration, hence might not be able to function normally
after a meal containing carbohydrates, glucose is digested and passed into the blood
islet langerhans as homeostatic control, consist of two type of cells : alpha cells (secrete glucagon) and beta cells (secrete insulin)
when blood glucose rise
alpha cells stop secretion of glucagon, beta cells secret insulin
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dipsticks and biosensors
dipsticks
urine analysis to measure pH, glucose, ketones and proteins
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The colour formed is compared to a chart, the more glucose present, the darker the colour
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Homeostatis in plants
opening stomata
during day, mantains inward diffusion of carbon dioxide
when Increase in light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration is low
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influx of kalium ions inside the cell increases the solute potential and reduces water potential, thus water enters by osmosis making cells turgid
uneven cell wall thickening, hence open
closing stomata
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when in darkness, carbon dioxide concentration is high, low humidity, high temperature, water stress
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water leaves the cells, closing stomata
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ABA binds to receptors that inhibit proton pumps and stimulate movement of Calsium ions into the cell.
Ca2+ acts as a second messenger, activating channel proteins to allow negatively charged ions to move out
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Water potential increases inside the cells, which diffuses down its water potential gradient by osmosis.
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