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Process Intervention Skills - Coggle Diagram
Process Intervention Skills
Group Process
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Problem solving begins with gathering the necessary information and identifying problem areas. Alternatives are then generated, along with forecasts of possible results. The decision is implemented, and finally an evaluation of the decision is made.
Group Norms and Growth
Norms are the organized and shared ideas regarding what group members should do and feel, how this behavior should be regulated, and what sanctions should be applied when behavior does not coincide with social expectations.
Member Roles and Functions
The practitioner must also be aware of the different member roles that individuals play in the group. Roles are parts, similar to those of actors in a play, except that this is real life for the members.
Individual functions are behaviors that satisfy individual needs and are dysfunctional or inconsequential to the group’s task and maintenance.
Communications
techniques : Observe, Identify, and Interruptions
Leadership and Authority
As a team goes about its task, a member will emerge to perform a leadership function, then move back into more of a follower role. Another person will emerge and perform another leadership function, and so on.
Definition
Process interventions are an OD skill used by OD practitioners, whether managers or OD pro- fessionals, to help work groups become more effective. The purpose of process interventions is to help the work group become more aware of the way it operates and the way its members work with one another.
Types of Process Interventions
Reflecting Feelings
Reflecting feelings refers to communicating back to the speaker the feel- ing part of the message that has been heard.
Providing Support, Coaching, and Counseling
Providing support includes encouraging group members to talk and express their ideas. It also in- cludes complimenting the group for a particularly productive meeting.
Coaching and counseling may occur in a private meeting with individuals, particularly the formal manager or supervisor of the group.
Listening
Listening refers to hearing the entire message, including any feelings.
Modeling
Because practitioners have many responsibilities and thus will be working with the work group for only a limited time, it is important for group members to learn how to make process interventions.
Probing and Questioning
Probing and questioning may be especially useful at the beginning of a discussion if members are reaching hasty conclusions.
Setting the Agenda
Agenda-setting interventions include setting aside time when process issues will be specifi- cally discussed apart from content issues.
Synthesizing and Generalizing
Synthesizing occurs when several points and ideas are put together in a common theme.
Generalizing refers to taking the ideas or feelings of one person and attaching them to the entire group.
Structural Suggestions
The practitioner also makes structural suggestions about work group membership, communication patterns, allocation of work, assignment of responsibility, and lines of authority.
Clarifying and Summarizing
Clarifying refers to resolving misunderstandings or incorrect perceptions in what members are saying.
Providing a summary of the major points and accomplishments of a discussion may be helpful.
Feeding Back Observations
The practitioner is often strongly tempted to share interesting observations regardless of the group’s ability to receive and absorb feedback.
Result of Process Interventions
Process intervention skills can be helpful to OD practitioners, be they managers or OD professionals. Process interventions are a method useful in relating to people where organization members can learn to solve their own problems.
Group Member's Behaviors
Individual Functions
satisfy individual needs and are dysfunctional or inconsequential to the group’s task and maintenance.
Group Building and Maintenance Functions
help the group grow and improve its members interpersonal relationships
Group Task Function
directly help the group solve its task
SAFIRA SEKAR ARDHANA 2