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Sierra Madre Biodiversity, References, The mind map showcases the effects…
Sierra Madre Biodiversity
Habitat Degradation Causes
Urbanization
Illegal logging
Around 20,000 to 35,000 m3 of wood is extracted from the park
Threatens the biodiversity
In 2010, a total loss of 161,240 hectares of the forest due to illegal logging
Loss of habitat
Road construction
Potential vectors of in-migration of upland cultivators
Might promote establishment of new settlements along road routes
Increases pressure on adjacent biodiversity resources
Ilagan-Divilacan Road
82-Km road project through Sierra Madre mountains
Agriculture
Use of pesticides
Land degradation
Soil erosion
Increased flooding
Slash and burn farming
Forest degradation of at least 1,400 hectares per year
Forest conversion to agricultural areas
Mining
OceanaGold open-pit gold and copper mine
Nearly 1 Km in diameter and 300 m deep
Millions of tons of mine waste
Liquid tailings spreading over 100 hectares of land
Industrialization
Kaliwa Dam Project
To be constructed at Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve
Host to about 28,000 hectares of forests and ancestral lands
Home to various threatened wildlife such as the Endangered Northern Philippine Hawk-eagle, the Philippine Brown Deer, the Philippine Warty Pig, the vulnerable Northern Rufous Hornbill, and the critically endangered Philippine Eagle.
May alter water temperatures and small habitats downstream
Unfit for certain kinds of fish and other wildlife that largely depend on regular temperature cycles and balanced oxygen content
Will endanger various plant life found in Sierra Madre mountain range
Assessment of Habitat Degradation Impacts on Biodiversity
Satellite Imaging
Gives broad understanding of an area's condition
3D imaging of Greg Asner's Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO)
CAO laser-guided imaging spectrometer data can provide structure and architecture of a forest, which can indicate diversity of tree species
Before and after satellite images comparison
References
BusinessMirror. (2018). Sierra Madre stifles world's fiercest typhoon this year.Retrieved from
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/10/01/sierra-madre-stifles-worlds-fiercest-typhoon-this-year/
Domingo, L.C. (2019). Sierra Madre, Cordillera need reforestation. The Manila Times. Retrieved from
https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/01/24/business/green-business/sierra-madre-cordillera-need-reforestation/501027/
Domingo, L.C. (2019). P1.6-B Isabela road to open soon. Retrieved from
https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/10/02/news/regions/p1-6-b-isabela-road-to-open-soon/625039/
Forest Foundation Philippines. (n.d.) Sierra Madre. Retrieved from
https://www.forestfoundation.ph/sierra-madre/
GMA News Online. (2018). Kaliwa Dam to destroy Sierra Madre’s biodiversity — Haribon. Retrieved from
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/675489/kaliwa-dam-to-destroy-sierra-madre-s-biodiversity-haribon/story/
Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System. (2020). New Centennial Water Source Kaliwa Dam Project: Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from
https://mwss.gov.ph/projects/new-centennial-water-source-kaliwa-dam-project/frequently-asked-questions/
Shneider, K. (2017). The Philippines, a nation rich in precious metals, encounters powerful opposition to mining. Retrieved from
https://news.mongabay.com/2017/06/the-philippines-a-nation-rich-in-precious-metals-encounters-powerful-opposition-to-mining/
van der Ploeg, J., van Weerd, M., Masipiquena, A.B., and Persoon, G.A. (2011). Illegal logging in the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, the Philippines, Conservation & Society, 9(3), 202-215. DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.86991
Visayas Jr., V. (2015). Construction of P2.28-B road thru Sierra Madre starts amid protests. Retrieved from
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/742119/construction-of-p2-28-b-road-thru-sierra-madre-starts-amid-protests
The mind map showcases the effects of land use change to the biodiversity and ecosystem of Sierra Madre. Examples of such are the effects of mining, industrialization, urbanization, and agriculture. Specific events that affected the land are the OceanaGold open-pit gold and copper mine that caused millions of tons of mine waste, the Ilagan-Divilacan Road construction, and Kaliwa Dam Project that only benefits humans but will harm plant and animal life. The assessment of habitat degradation impacts on biodiversity was also shown with satellite imaging as the main tool. Since Sierra Madre is the longest mountain range in the Philippines and is an invaluable biological site due to its high floral and faunal diversity, this should be more monitored and protected to preserve the wildlife inhabiting it. Despite its vastness and richness in natural resources, it should not be exploited to provide and satisfy man’s desire for modernization.
ABESAMIS, Juan Gabriel T.
TAN, Isabella Maria T.