Knowledge Portals
is defined as
KPs supports and stimulates knowledge transfer, knowledge storage and retrieval, knowledge creation, knowledge integration, and knowledge application by providing access to relevant knowledge artifacts.
The repository of information to which it provides access.
A system designed to provide secure, customizable, personalizable, and integrated access to dynamic information from a variety of sources, in a variety of source formats.
A type of KMS that strive to provide a ‘one-stop knowledge shop’, that is, a single point of access to the knowledge available in an organization.
Components and Functionalities
Knowledge Organization Systems
uses
Sub catogories
Document and Project Management Systems
Knowledge maps
sub components
Registers
Categorizations
defines
Lists or indexes of information, for instance, comprising glossaries, dictionaries, or authority files that facilitate a common understanding and language.
defines
As a facilitation of the knowledge retrieval process, and are important no matter how powerful the search engine.
Organizational information taxonomy
Other taxonomies, such as simple thesauris
Knowledge Repositories/Repository Access
Search
defines
An essential functionality for the knowledge retrieval process, making a search engine a necessary component of a KP.
categories
Metadata search
Concept-based
Standard
The search engine is intertwined with the KP interface;
it is mostly implemented as a static feature, requiring adapted and contextualized display.
Applications and Services
defines
A KP delivers integrated access to different software tools and a variety of services to facilitate knowledge work.
categories
Multi-repository
refers
An application that overlies a variety of other repositories, thus providing an integrated point of access for the separate systems.
Collaboration and Communication Tools
refers
KPs offer collaboration and communication tools to connect people, thus enabling direct transfer of knowledge.
Personalization and Role Management.
Unified Interface
KP’s interface is the point of visual contact with the user. It must offer direct and unified access to relevant features.
functionalities
It is visual integration, having to be geared to the user experience in order to present all functionalities: for example, enabled by knowledge organization systems, it complements content pages by content relevant pages, thereby helping the user to interpret the main body.
Challenges for KP Deployment
Sufficient Contribution
Favorable organizational culture
Achieving knowledge
integration
The more users consider knowledge to be personally valuable, the less likely they are to contribute it to a KP.
The more a user uses a KP personally, the more likely the user is to contribute to the KP.
The more a user feels part of the group using the KP, the more like the user is to contribute to the KP.
The more competitive the organizational culture, the less likely a user is to contribute to a KP.
The stronger the social norms for contribution or use created by the organizational culture, the more likely a user is to use a KP.
Users will be more likely to contribute to a KP if there are group-level performance rewards than if there are individual-level performance rewards.
The more diverse and tacit the knowledge, the less successful the KP will be in providing knowledge integration.
The more diverse the needs of users of a KP, the less successful the KP will be in providing knowledge integration.
Stronger knowledge validation efforts will increase perceived knowledge quality and so better enable knowledge integration.
Stronger knowledge validation efforts will increase the perceived difficulty of contributing and so decrease contributions.
Literature Review
Relationships among the challenges
The purpose of taxonomic meta-information is to provide context and to indicate where knowledge or knowing individuals can be found.
They address knowledge and information integration by structuring metainformation for the underlying repositories and networks.
More specific content management systems, which offer the possibility of classifying and (re-)codifying knowledge artifacts from various sources in an integrative manner.
represents
A metadata catalog prompted by the different publishing units and ideally comprising all codified information existing in the organization.
defined as
Repositories can be as simple as plain databases or more sophisticated, meaning repositories that store, index, and synthesize knowledge artifacts, so as to promote knowledge reuse.
functionalities
Integrating access to knowledge repositories is a key
functionality for KPs in the context of knowledge integration.
KPs as the repository focus, as the emphasis is on access to repositories of knowledge artifacts that convey knowledge in codified form.
uses
Workgroup productivity tools and specialized transactional
functionality make an effort to foster and facilitate collaboration and communication by providing a convenient platform.
Personalization
Role management
defined as
The portals offer customization and personalization, being important means to reach a higher degree of structure and usefulness of retrieved information and distinguishing it from common web services.
Role management can be
considered the groundwork of ‘tailored’ personalization.
divides into
Explicit personalization
Implicit personalization
the users to organize
knowledge flows (Collins 2003) providing them with means to avoid an overload of information and save browsing time
KPs can personalize the web page based on rules or user behavior
The integration of applications
The integration of repositories
Diagram
Example
PERSONAL CYBERSECURITY ASSISTANT PORTAL
refers
It is a note storing and discussion website.
about
The system consists of a browser plugin and a website that stores and provides the data on the corresponding website
services are provided
browser plugin
website
functionalities
It allows the user to write a comment or question about the website he or she is currently browsing, or block that website
from being accessed again.
It displays previously saved notes, and blocks access to sites that have been previously blocked by the user.
functionalities
The discussions are conveniently structured, which means if you are accessing the website from the plugin it is possible to reply to any post by clicking a button next to it..
It manages the login and lets the user write a note about the website he or she is viewing at any time.
The user can give the website a rating.
The system notifies the users of relevant notes and replies by other people to his or her notes.
The user can share the note with an email address.
Notifications services
Concerning the current website.
Checking the rating of a website on a commercial site.
A google safe search that is constrained to results
by Wikipedia and big antivirus software manufacturers.
users
registered users
Anonymous users
advantages
They can recover their notes on other computers with the
browser plugin.
They can share their notes via e-mail.
It enables writing notes, as well as displaying saved notes and blocking the user from revisiting websites again that were blocked.
The discussions and has the interfaces for managing the notes.
Reading replies or even reading discussions about other websites.
A user that is logged in can directly reply to any note there and provide a rating of the website in his or her reply.
It links the notes to educational material to facilitate improvement of user knowledge.
constraints
The website should be accessed through the plugin. The user may not be recognized and would not be able to respond to any discussions.
Website can only be used for replying to an existing note and
not to create a new discussion.
If a website has one or more discussions, there is a
box containing links to related educational content.
This feature aims at connecting the concrete use of the platform with educational background material to support cybersecurity education for the users of the platform.
It offers the possibility to discuss the security of websites.
It points to relevant educational resources based on the discussions of a specific website.
They can use the safe search.
Example
ETH Libraries
Goal
The main goal of the project “Knowledge Portal” is to develop a central access system in terms of a “single point of access” for all electronic information services.
These sources – from the library’s catalogue and full text in house applications to external, licensed sources – should be accessible via one central web service.
interest to develop KP
The popular success of search engines.
The possibility of searching in a clear and simple way has also changed the search behaviour of library users.
Increasing electronic service portfolio of nearly all science libraries, which ranges from ubiquitous electronic journals, via bibliographic and full-text databases, audiovisual media and digitized visual material to full-text documents from institutional servers.
Conditions
Library-specific content should be presented in special information packages, which could come from different sources;
KP should be possible to configure the application according to group and/or individual interests;
The authentication processes should correspond to a single-sign-on procedure.
The integration of sources internal and external to the university should be possible.
improvements to existing applications
Improvement of access and usability.
The whole idea and of going back to a fairly clear library-focused approach, where library-related information packages were at the center of all efforts.
vision
Knowledge Portal was and still is the setup of a central and simultaneously integrated access system to the heterogeneous information portfolio of ETH Libraries and Collections.
conditions
Integration of the applications library homepage and access via myLibrary.
A consistent and ”simple“ search screen for internal and external users.
Presentation and functional layer are at the same level.
User-relevant content can already be searched at the presentation level.
The portal screen consists of the homepage and additional search functions.
Metasearching abilities for the whole product portfolio.
Single-sign-on for all users.
Portal design
vision
Range of functions they need for an efficient search for relevant information.
process
An analysis of the actual situation, on a user-centered design process and on integrating Primo into the web portal.
The description of the status quo analysis of the actual situation is a complex and time-consuming process, in which the project group defines for which subjects information packages exist and how this information is presented.
steps
- Prototype structure of the future portal is created as a paper version, which already shows the most important content and functions.
- The context is currently done by the project group and primarily covers the final definition of the information structure.
- At the end of the process the actual Knowledge portal is the result of the seamless integration of the Primo software.
Project schedule and version control
This means that the plan to introduce different versions, which will be upgraded and enlarged step-by-step in form and content.
features
Web portal with an integrated Primo system for searching and access to relevant information resources;
Library-internal resources, the catalogue database (NEBIS) and the picture database (E-pics) are accessible.
Library-external resources, relevant journal articles are accessible via Metalib and Third node.
The single sign-on procedure is realized.
There is a solution for the trilingual Universal Decimal Classification (UDC).
challenges and risks of the project
Customizing a new IT application in a library always means finding a balance between a pragmatic approach from a user‘s point of view and the perfectionism of the librarian.
System discontinuities, there will be faults in using the
cataloguing rules, there will be changes in the catalogue vocabulary and all this has to be optimized with reasonable effort.
The Primo software is actually existing only in a monolingual version, which means that this is part of the formal cooperation between ExLibris and the library.
Creating a single sign-on strategy for the portal should be realizable for the university-internal user, but what is the solution for external users.
If a library develops a project of this size and of this relevance to the university community, it is indispensable to have commercial partners.
The request that the software tool should seamlessly fit into the library’s homepage.
The integration of external information packages is a challenging task, which needs discussion and a lot of technical preparations with our partners.
Enhancement of layout
Reference
Klaper, D., & Hovy, E. (2014). A taxonomy and a knowledge portal for cybersecurity. Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research - Dg.o '14. https://doi.org/10.1145/2612733.2612759
Neubauer, W., & Piguet, A. (2009). The Knowledge Portal, or the vision of easy access to information. Library Hi Tech, 27(4), 594–601. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378830911007691
Löbbecke, C., & Crowston, K. (2012). Knowledge Portals: Components, Functionalities, and Deployment Challenges. ICIS, 1-18