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Escalation of the Genocide - Coggle Diagram
Escalation of the Genocide
Elimination of opposition to extermination
Same evening as Habrayimana killing, Presidential Guard soldiers went around killing opposition figures and Tutsi
Rekindling of the Civil War between Government and RPF
UNAMIR sent peacekeepers to Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana
7th April 1994-Presidential guard killed Agathe and her husband
Peacekeepers captured, 10 Belgian and 5 Ghanian
Ghanaian's set free
Belgians killed and dismembered
Examples of Massacres and ultimate responsibility for failure to prevent them
Kabgayi
The seat of the first catholic church in Rwanda
Tutsi began gathering here
Hutu Militia began taking people away
600,000 killed over the course of the genocide
Clergy stood aside and let the Tutsi be taken away
Some clergy were spokespeople for Interim government
placed blame on RPF
Nyange 12th April
local priest invited Interahamwe into the church
Bulldozed the church
Killed 1500 tutsi
Ntarama Massacre 11-16th April 1994
5000 Tutsi gathered days before 15th april
11th April - Interahamwe attacked townspeople
soldiers arrived soon after and fired shots
people fled into the church
Nyarubuye Massacre 14 - 15 April 1994
Thousands of Tutsi's gathered at the Nyarubuye church and school
Invite from Sylvestre Gacumbitsi, MNRD member.
20,00 people killed
RPF responded by taking up arms again, the only thing they could do
Interim Government was aware of the indecision in the international community and continued with its genocidal policies
Role of the Media and the failure of the international community to stop it
Kangura and RTLM
Kangura continued to publish hatred and propaganda
RTLM was the most effective format for preaching the genocide hatred
it appealed to the young, unemployed thugs in the Hutu militia
They used street language, disc jokeys, pop music and phone ins
it was Immediate accessible information for the killers
RPF, UN and NGOS recognized the threat of radio
General Dallaire wished for the radio to be taken off air
UN had no means to achieve this
RPF shelled the radio station in the first week of the genocide
The station moved to a mobile unit, which it stayed during the 100 days
International community failure
why didn't they attempt to stop the media?
It would have been expensive
after Somalia, intervention in any African country would have been unpopular
Issues relating to international law prevented it
The Media's absence
lack of media enabled no action from the international community
General Dallaire believed the media was too wrapped up in Yugoslavia, OJ Simpson and Mandela than Rwanda and failed it
The Nature of the Genocide
Interahamwe, Hutu Militia and Impuzamugambi played a major role in implementing the genocide
Radio broadcasts encouraging Hutu civilians to kill
estimated 200,000 Hutu participated
Manner of the Killings
Killing were brutal with many different tools being used
Machete
Spears
Wooden spiked clubs
crude instruments
Victims were either killed on the spot or left to die in slow paining agony.
War Rape
Tutsi women were depicted as sexual weapons to weaken and destroy Tutsi Men
This led to Rape being used as a weapon
Hutu Rapists abused, humiliated and denigrated the women they took
Humiliation was part of the tactics against women
Women would be as sex slaves for a while before being killed
Tutsi men were also assaulted
Thousand of Women were infected with AIDS, which has continued ever since
Organization of Extermination
RTLM
Accusations of Belgians and RPF for assassination's
Inciting the conditions for the genocide
Announcing the name of those who were to be killed
Urging Hutu To killl
Informing killers of where people were to be found
Military and Politicians
Military initiated and directed the killings
if they were too many Tutsi in an area the military would be called in
Political representatives supported the genocide
Worked together with local councils
Provided weapons
Urged people on
Mobilized militia
9th April, Hutu Power Extremists in control
Figurehead president Theodore Sindikubwabo
Prime minsters Jean Kambanda
Bagosora presented the candidates