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SPORTS MED: How are sports injuries classified and managed? - Coggle…
SPORTS MED: How are sports injuries classified and managed?
Ways to classify sports injuries
direct injury
An injury sustained at the site of external force e.g.) hit by a ball
indirect injury
An injury sustained from an internal force e.g.) pulled hamstring
Soft tissue injury
The damage of muscles, ligaments and tendons throughout the body eg.) sprained ankle
Hard tissue injury
Injuries to the bone or teeth,(injuries of the skeleton.) eg.) fracture or dislocation
Overuse injury
Any type of muscle or joint injury, caused by repetitive trauma. eg.) tendinitis or a stress fracture
Soft tissue injuries
tears
A muscle tear refers to damage to a muscle or its attaching tendons. eg. A gymnast overstretches and strains a hamstring.
sprains
A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments, which is the fibrous tissue that connects bones and joints. eg.) A netballer spraining an ankle landing on an uneven surface
contusions
Blood or bleeding under the skin due to (generally) direct trauma of any kind, eg. a player collides with another player.
skin abrasions
a type of open wound that's caused by the skin rubbing against a rough surface. eg. a rollerblader scraping a knee on gravel
lacerations
A deep cut or tear in skin or flesh. eg.) a farmer cuts his forearm on a barbed wire fence.
blisters
A pocket of fluid between the upper layers of skin. The most common causes are friction, freezing, burning, infection. eg.) A fresh football boot provides friction against a heel and a blister forms.
The inflammatory response
Bleeding phase
The area is swollen, red and painful. The acute inflammatory phase lasts 48-72 hrs (2-3 days) and it is during this time that RICER is most important.
Repair phase
The white blood cells clean up the debris from the injury. This phase of the inflammatory response produces scar tissue in the repair of the injury. This phase extends from 3 days to up to 6 weeks.
Alignment phase
More scar tissue is produced during this phase of the inflammatory response. During this phase of the inflammatory response the balance of exercise and rest is important- too much exercise will cause further injury, but not enough exercise will result in too much weak scar tissue. This phase of the inflammatory response can last many months.
Hard tissue injuries
fractures
stress fractures
A type of overuse injury in whichtiny cracks appear in a bone. They're caused by repetitive force, often from overuse — such as repeatedly jumping up and down or running long distances
A complete or partial break in a bone.
dislocations
An injury to a joint — a place where two or more bones come together — in which the ends of your bones are forced from their normal positions. This painful injury temporarily deforms and immobilizes your joint
Assessment of injuries
TOTAPS
Touch
Touch the suspected injury area to determine
the exact site and severity of the injury. Not any swelling , immediate bruising or deformity. If it is a hard or soft tissue injury stop assessment and move to treatment
Active movement
Assess the athlete's range of motion and pain during motion: Is there a painful arc anywhere in the range of movement?
Observe
Observe the injured athlete for any obvious
deformity or irregularities, compare left and right side where possible. IF hard tissue injury suspected move to treatment
Passive Movement
Trainer performs passive movement and gently moves the joint through range of motion, noting any pain and instability in joints
Talk
Talk to the injured athlete to determine what
happened, site of injury, abnormal sounds
Skills test
Test athlete on activity specific movements and if any pain is experienced stop activity and treat for soft tissue injury.