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Endell dairy fertility - Coggle Diagram

- - - - pregnant at 15 months
        
        calving at 24 months
- - - - cheap - only requires insemination records
      - Quick - fertility data within 30-60d
    - - inaccurate as relies on heat detection (often more than 30% of cows which are not inseminated again are actually not pregnant)
  - - - accurate as based on positive pregnancy diagnosis
    - - recording - reasonable records required for accuracy and pregnancy diagnosis
      - management-related - a breeding policy to delay first service increases CCI
    - - in higher yielding non-seasonal herds - target = 95d
- - - - changes in the reproductive tract
        
        ovaries and uterus
        
        uterine arteries
        
        palpation of foetus
        
        FALSE POSITIVES
        
        Cannot retract the uterus fully and cannot fully palpate both horns
        
        pyometra or mucometra
        
        prenatal death - pregnant but non-viable foetus
        
        FALSE NEGATIVES
        
        too early to detect manually - false or innaccurate recording of services- non-recorded service date or served again since last recorded date
        
        running with a stock bull
    - - blood or milk progesterone test at 21-24 days
        
        disadvantages: non-pregnant CL, person performing and reading the test, embryonic death after 24d
      - pregnancy associated glycoprotein (PAG)
        
        can diagnose pregnancy state >60d after calving and >35d after service
        
        levels drop slightly 60-80d post service then continue to rise throughout pregnancy
        
        PAG levels can remain high for approx. 60 days after abortion or loss of foetus