PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
PETROLEUM GEOLOGY Definition: study the origin, occurrence, movement, accumulation and exploration of hydrocarbonfuelss.
PETROLEUM Definition: naturally occuring liquid found beneath the earth's surface that can be refined into fuel. :
CRUDE OIL
- Petroleum is a mixture of a very large number of different hydrocarbons
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM
- Commonly the hydrocarbon are alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbon or asphaltenes. Different molecules would give different physical and chemical properties.
COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM
- carbon (93% - 97%)
- hydrogen (10% - 14%)
- nitrogen (0.1% - 2%)
- oxygen (0.1 - 1.5)
- sulphur (0.5% - 6%)
NATURAL GAS
- A vapor that is mostly methane & ethane
- does not condensed in SPP
PRECIPITATION
SOLUTIONS
Maltenes
paraffin (saturates)
aromatic
polar solvent (resins)
Aspaltenes
Heavy oil
Light oil
Sweet crude oil
Sour crude oil
low density
clear to pale yellow
high API gravity > 10 degree
low viscosity
very viscous
specific gravity higher
low specific gravity
API gravity < 10 degree
< 0.5% sulphur
high quality
containing some impurities
need to refine into gasoline
1% sulphur
high demand
toxic and corrasive
marine sourced oils