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COGNITIVE - Coggle Diagram
COGNITIVE
Attribution
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internal/dispositional attribution - on one's own personality, ability, attitude
external/situational attribution - on environment, other people, context, luck
Biases in Attribution
Actor-Observer Bias: tendency for ppl to attribute their own behavior to external, attribute other's behavior to internal
Storms - interviewer attribute to ext and int equally, observer attribute to int
follow up to Storms- when show video from switched perspectives, the result reverses
why: actors and observers have different visual and attentional perspectives on ordinary social events
FAE: observers tend to underestimate the impact of situational factors, overestimate impact of dispositional factors when trying to explain the actor's behavior
Jones & Harris - even in sit where observer knows that the subject has no choice, they say the essay reflects the writer's opinion of the topic
further studies
to overcome the critique of constraint not salient, people learn something while writing the essay, making inference from quality of response
even when observer sees actor reading a preset response to qns, they still attribute to internal disposition
tendency for observer to rate questioners as more knowledgeable, responders as less knowledgeable despite ROLE CONFERRED ADVANTAGE
highly biased, unrepresentative sample of behavior is treated as representative
why
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people are motivated to make FAE bc easier to predict behavior, more just/fair if we can attribute to person, not envi
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Cognitive Dissonance: inconsistency between a person's belief/attitudes/values and their actions, which creates an aversive emotional state (dissonance) that leads to our effort to restore consistency
process
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causes dissonance
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alternatively, dissonance allows you to resolve this tension
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Why?
depends on high/low attachment to each cognition. Go with HIGH, ditch LOW using creative resolution
observation: end of the world cult led by Marion Keech, bad/good sugars belief by chiropractors
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Persuasion
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peripheral route persuasion: through peripheral cues - features of comm that trigger acceptance without much thinking
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when not personally relevant, credibility is more sensitive
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attitude inoculation
when subjected to mild attack on one's belief and had attempt to defend it, weakens later effect of strong attack
Effort Justification Paradigm: if i expend effort to achieve it, it must be good/worthwhile
Aronson/Mills - higher interest rating for a super boring discussion group if they did a more embarrassing/awkward prediscussion
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