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Chapter 16. Genetics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - smallest mutation
    - - Piece of DNA is lost
    - - Addition of extra DNA
    - - Backwards
        
        Put in this way due to repair
  - - - causes mutations
    - - few thousand base pairs long
      - cutting insertion sequence
        
        splicing DNA somewhere else
    - - Carries genes that code for proteins
      - Longer than Insertion
- - - - Only a single character
    - - Parents
    - - F
        
        Offspring of crossbreeding
      - F2
        
        If interbreed
    - - Two identical alleles
      - Each parent
    - - The offspring
      - Two different alleles
    - - Neither parental trait dominates
  - - - Plant uses own pollen to fertilize eggs
    - - Understand results of a cross
  - - - to the recessive
    - - to the dominant
  - - - Difficult to know genotype
      - unless recessive trait is shown
    - - Plant in question
      - Plant thats homozygous recessive to the trait
    - - Selfed
        
        kept pure
      - Homozygous recessive
- - - - Two genes on seperate chromosome
      - move independently of other
  - - - Two genes
      - Close together on chromosome
      - do not undergo independent assortment
- - - - Alleles from both parents
      - transmitted equally
    - - All plastid and mitochondrion genomes
      - from maternal parent
      - zygote obtains
      - Maternal inheritance
    - - Plastid inheritance
  - - - Presence can kill the plant
    - - Difficult to detect early
  - - - All plants with
      - More than two sets of chromosomes
    - - change in chromosome number
    - - duplicates
      - wild type
    - - multuple copies