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DEVELOPMENT - Coggle Diagram
DEVELOPMENT
World Bank criterian
the world bank uses the INCOME criteria to measure national development unlike un that uses HUMAN criteria of development
for comparing countries there income is considered to be one of the most imp. attributes countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income
to use income as a criteria, the world bank had 2 choices
- Use the total income (National income)
- or the avg. income (per capita income)
NATIONAL INCOME
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problems
- since countries have diff. populations comparing total income will not tell us what an avg. person is likely to earn
- also there would have been a high chance that a country with more population has a higher total income and a country with less population has a lower t.income eg. india australia
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PROBLEMS WITH PCY
- doesnt show how the income is distributed among the people. it hides disparities in the distribution of income. for a nation to be truly developed, the income distribution pattern should be equitable i.e. everyone should get almost an equal amount
- ignores other factors such as imr, literacy rate, health care etc.
WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT
the world bank classifies the countries into rich, middle income and poor countries on the basis of pcy and publishes its report as WDR
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Public facilities
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hence, income by itself isnt a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use
for example
- your money cant buy you a pollution free environment
- money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases unless, the whole of your community takes preventive steps
- ensure that you get unadultered medicines
thus for many of the imp. things in life the best way, also the cheapest way is to provide these goods and services collectively
these public facilities can be provided by anyone- the govt. or the private individuals but once these facilities are provided, they give a collective benefit to the society
UN criterian
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un primarily measures the quality indicators of development called human indicators. these pertain to the quality of life of people
according un, any nation with low imr, higher literacy rate etc. is more developed than others
National Development
we observe that diff. nations attain diff. levels of devvelopment over time. some are more developed than others
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a comprehensive term which includes improvment in living standards of the people, increase in PCY, providing social amenities like- education, medical care, social services etc. to the people of the country
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Development
it means beocming BETTER, it is a change in quality
Growth
it means becoming BIGGER, it is a change in quantity
Developmental Goals
every individual aspires to become better in life which can be done by achieving sertain aspirations and goals, unique to that person. these goals are called DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS.
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Income and other goals
money is certainly an imp. factor of development but it is not the only factor on which the development of people depends
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Sustainable development
developing in such a way, that development in the present does not affect the development or need of the future generations
Renewable resources
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eg. in the case of groundwater in india, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain than we would be overusing the resource
Non- renewable resources
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eg. crude oil- if we keep using it at the same rate, then in 50 or some years there would be no more left
the purpose of studying about public facilities here is that public facilities also promote sustainable development since the facilities are collectively used they help in saving the resources