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Joint - Coggle Diagram
Joint
Structural classification: based on anatomy
1) Cartilaginous joint
-no synovial cavity
-the bones are held together by cartilage
a) Synchondrosis (synarthrosis)
Hyaline cartilage connects two areas of bone
-Example: Epiphyseal (growth) plate that connects the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone
b) Symphysis (amphiarthrosis)
The ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones
-Example: Pubic symphysis between the anterior surfaces of
the hip bones
2) Fibrous joint
-no synovial cavity
-the bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue
a) Suture (synarthrosis)
Composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue
-Example: between bones of the skull
b) Syndesmosis
Greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue
-Example: Distal tibia to distal fibula (amphiarthrosis)
c) Interosseous membrane (amphiarthrosis)
A substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighbouring long bones
-Examples: i) Between the radius and ulna in the forearm
ii) Between the tibia and fibula in the leg
3) Synovial joint
-have a synovial cavity
-united by the dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule
a) Ball-and-socket joints
Ball-like structural of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone
-Examples: i) Shoulder joint
ii) Hip joint
b) Condyloid joint
Convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone
-Examples: i) Wrist
ii) Metacarpophalangeal joints
c) Hinge joint
Convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone
-Examples: i) Ankle
ii) Elbow
iii) Knee
iv) Interphalangeal joints
d) Planar joint
Articulating surfaces flat or slightly curved
-Example: i) Acromioclavicular joints
ii) Intercarpal joints
iii) Intertarsal joints
iv) Sternocostal joints
v) Sternoclavicular joints
vi) Vertebrocostal joints
e) Pivot joint
Rounded surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and ligament
-Examples: i) Atlantoaxial joint
ii) Radioulnar joints
f) Saddle joint
Articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the "saddle"
-Example: carpometacarpal joint
Functional classification: based on the degree of movement they permit
2) Diarthrosis
a freely movable joint
3) Synarthrosis
an immovable joint
1) Amphiarthrosis
a slightly movable joint