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Social Support - Coggle Diagram
Social Support
Link between social support & health
others can provide us with impt info on how to deal w stress
effect on cardiovascular system
kamarck et al
task alone/ friends silently cheer for them
measured their systolic blood pressure & diastolic blood pressure
college women: low/high stress condition
results
High stress levels
friends silently cheering-> lower SBP & DBP
under low stress levels
both conditions had similar SBP & DBP
Greater self-efficacy
better perceived control & will to live
social support
less likely to engage in destructive habits -> healthy living
effect on immune system
Glaser et al.
medical students had poorer health nearing exams
Baron, cutrona et al
blood samples
measure immune functioning
ability of lymphocytes to reproduce
ability of lymphocytes to kills target cells
results
both forms of immune functioning were superior among those with stronger social support
Measured immune function for those whose spouses were treated for cancer
cohen et al. Cold virus study
Characteristics
Dimensions
Functional
perceived
received
Network
distance
frequency of contacts
size
Domain
instrumental/tangible
informational
Emotional
companionship/belonginess
def
have assistance available from others
part of a supportive social network
perception & actuality that you are cared for
Social support & Health studies
Uchino
Low social support linked to
low birthrate in children
depression
Tuberculosis
arthritis
cardiovascular diseases
death
Broken Heart effect
bereaved vs non-bereaved spouse
non-bereaved
1.2% died within 1 year of death of spouse
bereaved
12.2% died within 1 year of death of spouse
3x more likely to die than similar-aged control group
likelihood of death increased after death of spouse or long term mate
House et al
Evans county had lowest
Gothenburg had highest relative risk ratio
measured relative risk ratio of mortality at lowest vs highest levels of social integration in 5 studies
Affiliation research
Schacter
told they will receive more painful shocks later
given choice of waiting alone or with others
subjects given a small blast of painful shock
⅔ chose with others
Amoroso & Walters
2 groups
wait alone before 2nd round of shocks
wait silently with 3 other people
results
1st group had higher HR & self-reported anxiety
gave moderately painful shocks which thus increased HR & anxiety levels
Pets as social support
Friedman
heart attack victims
with pet
94% alive after 1 year
without pet
70% alive after 1 year
Garrity, Stallone, et al.
lower social support linked to health problems
pet owners
even if low social support, had lower illnesses & depression
randomly called & interviewed 1200 elderly
Coping
keys to cope with stress
cognitive behavioural approach
cognitive restructuring
emotional disclosure
exercise
spirituality
relaxation-based approaches
HYMS BGM
hypnosis, yoga, meditation, systematic desensitization, biofeedback, guided imagery, mindfulness