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Stress & Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Stress & Immune System
Immune system
where
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Thymus
spleen
GI tract
respiratory tract
Lymphatic System
Spleen
produces & stores lymphocytes
disposal site for worn-out blood cells
thymus
thymosin
hormone stimulates development of T cells
maturation & differentiation of T cells
tonsils
Bone marrow
stem cells
B & T cells
lymph nodes
traps & kills invading cells & particles
Function
Removes dead & injured tissues
ignores self
discriminates normal self from foreign matter
doesn't destroy normal cells
Destroys & clears foreign pathogens & destroys altered cells
How psychological events affect immune system
Stress, HPA axis & Immune system
Stress
HPA axis
Cortisol
decrease in immune function
too much
suppress immune system & increase infection
too little
cannot decrease inflammation
slower wound healing, increase heart disease
SNS
affects immune system <--increase NE and EP
how to test r/s with innate immunity
recruit participants who enjoy jumping out of plane
when EP & NE increase, NK activity increases
Studies
dental students & wound healing
either summer vs 1 week before finals
slower healing when under stress
oral puncture wound on soft palate
caregiver vs non-caregivers
spouses of Alzheimer's had slower wound healing
marital stress
IV: usual visits vs provoked argument during visit
DV: Immune cells from fluid in blisters & days to heal
suction blister wounds on participants
more hostile couples took longer time to heal
Classical conditioning
eg. pairing eating sherbet + inject NE
NE causes increase in NK cell activity
After trials, just sherbet alone causes increase in NK cell activity
Influence of stress on body
decreased interleukin-6 at wound site
there is dysregulation/inappropriate inflammation
increased interleukin-6 in body -> more inflammation
Types of Immunity
Innate/Natural (nonspecific response)
key players
white blood cells (Leukocytes)
Polymorphonuclear granulocytes
Monocytes
lymphocytes-> NK Cells
Immune responses
NK Cells
kills virally infected cells & tumor cells by release of toxic substances
Antigen presentation
Phagocyte eats a bacteria -> Antigen of bacteria goes to surface of the phagocyte
Phagocyte presents antigen to helper T cell -> activates helper T cell
Phagocytosis
Macrophages & dendritic cells engulfs, digests foreign bodies
activates T cells to duplicate
Inflammation
Immune cells are recruited to injured site
dead pathogens, immune cells, fluid are filled up
pain, swelling, redness
process
Damaged tissues release histamines, increasing blood flow to the area
histamines cause capillaries to leak, releasing phagocytes & clotting factors to the wound
Phagocytes engulf bacteria, dead cells & cellular debris
Platelets move out of capillary to seal the wound
Acquired/adapted (specific) immunity
B cells
help identify & kill antigens
secretes antibodies which
mark invaders for destruction
Facilitates NK & T cell killing
Process
waits until activated by T helper cell
Then divides to produce plasma & memory cells
B cells finds antigen which matches its receptors
plasma cells produce antibodies that attach to current type of invaders
T cells
cell-mediated immunity
T cells recognise invader & attack it
cytotoxic -> injects toxin
Diathesis-stress model
2 factors
person has a diathesis
biochemical inbalance
abuse/maltreatment in childhood
person experiences some stress
some predisposed, more vulnerable