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Chronic Adaptations - Coggle Diagram
Chronic Adaptations
Aerobic Adaptations
Respiratory
Increased ventilation at maximal intensity
Increased alveolar-capillary surface area
Increased tidal volume
Increased pulmonary diffusion
Increased lung volume and total capacity
Muscular
Increased oxidation of glycogen
Increased oxidative enzymes
Increased oxidation of fats during submaximal exercise
Increased capillary density (slow twitch fibres)
Increased myoglobin stores
Increase in aVO2 difference
Increased mitochondria size and density
Cardiovascular
Cardiac
Increased cardiac output at maximal intensity
No change in cardiac output at rest or submaximal intensity
Increased stroke volume
Decreased rest and submaximal heart rates
Increased ventricle size
Decreased steady state and heart rate
Vascular
Increased blood volume
Increased blood plasma
Increase capillary density at muscles, mainly slow twitch fibres
Increased red blood cell count
Increased blood flow (20%) away from organs to the working muscles
Increased haemoglobin
Increased capillary density to the heart muscle
Decreased blood pressure at rest or submaximal intensity
Anaerobic Adapations
Muscular
Increased glycolytic capacity
Increased myosin ATPase
Increased glycolytic enzymes
Increased contractile proteins in muscles
Increased energy substrate levels (ATP & PC)
Increased muscle buffering capacity/Increased tolerance to metabolic by-products
Increased fibre size/fast twitch (cross sectional area/hypertrophy)