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Unit 1 Vocabulary - Coggle Diagram
Unit 1 Vocabulary
Periodic table: table used to organize the elements and provide detailed information
Group: atoms with similar chemical properties (same number of valence electrons) are organized in columns
Alkali metal: located in the first group and contain H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr (only have 1 valence electron)
Alkaline earth metals: located in the second group and contain Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra (these have 2 valence electrons and form cations +2)
halogens: located in group 17 and contain F, Cl, Br, I, At (nonmetals with 7 valence electrons and form anion -1)
noble gases: located in group 18 and contain He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Uuo (these have 8 valence electrons and are inert (do not react)
transition metals: these metals are located within the center of the periodic table and typically can have multiple ions
inner transition metals: metals are located at the very bottom of the periodic table and are typically called the actinides and lanthanides
metal: most elements are metals and have the following characteristics: conduct heat/electricity, malleable, ductile, and often shiny.
nonmetal: appear in the upper right hand corner of the periodic table and have the following characteristics: gain electrons to form anions, often form covalent bonds
metalloid: exhibit both metal and nonmetal properties (boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and possibly bismuth, polonium, astatine)
Period: the horizontal rows within a periodic table, atoms within the same period contain the same number of orbtitals
ATOM: most basic unit of matter and are made up of three subatomic particles
nucleus: located at the center of an atom and contains protons and neutrons
neutrons: neutral subatomic particle
isotope: same atom (same proton number) but differing number of neutrons
proton: large, positive subatomic particle
atomic number: the number of protons
electrons: small, negative particle residing outside nucleus
atomic mass: the average mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units (amus)
mass number: the number of protons and neutrons in a given atom
atomic mass unit (amu): relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom and is used to measure the mass of other atoms
atomic radius: distance between an atom's nucleus and the outer electron shell