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Ulcerative Colitis - Coggle Diagram
Ulcerative Colitis
Symptoms
Diarrhea: Could last days-months. When it subsides, it could reoccur every few months-years.
Bloody stool: Since it affects the mucosal layer, you will find blood and mucus in the stool.
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Extraintestinal symptoms: arthritis, uveitis, DVT, primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Complications
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Lesions in the mucosal layer and the immune system causes inflammation in these spots, resulting in hemorrhages. These hemorrhages can turn into abscesses.
Due to constant inflammation, the mucosa develops "polyps" that eventually cause thickened walls of the bowel.
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Labs/Diagnostics
Mild UC: less than 4 stools daily, normal ESR, and no signs of toxicity.
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Severe UC: More than 6 bloody stools daily, evidence of toxicity, fever, tachycardia an elevates ESR.
Fulminent disease: Ten stools daily, continuous bleeding, signs of toxicity, abdominal tenderness, need for blood transfusions, and colonic dilation on abdominal radiographs.
Hx and physical exam. Stool samples to see if any pathogens present. Sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, biopsy of stool.
Collaborative Care
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Support Group: This is a huge life change and it could be helpful to speak to people who are going through the same thing.
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Risk Factors
Could happen at any age, but higher risk if the patient is between 15 and 25.
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Pathophysiology (Causes)
Cause is unknown. An inflammatory response that affects the mucosa and submucosa in only the rectum and colon. Could be an autoimmune disease.