The teacher's knowledge of students: how they learn, form attitudes, generate interests, and develop values . How their minds create meaning?

Spirituality, not religion.
Teachers should create educational experiences that foster not just the intellectual and emotional selves, but also the spiritual and empathic selves.

It provides curriculum creators to information that is observable and quantifiable.
Science allows teachers to learn how the students learn.

School is an agent of society. It also creates social individuals.
Curriculum must consider current and future society at the local, national, and global levels.

Knowledge itself may be a discipline, having a particular structure and a particular method or methods by which scholars extend its boundaries.