Classification of Tropical Diseases

VIRUSES

Bacteria

Protozoa

HELMINTH

Trachoma image

Leprosy image

Treponematoses

Dengue image

Taeniasis/Cysticercosis image

Lymphatic filariasis image

Dracunculiasis image

Leishmaniases image

Chagas disease image

Trypanosomiasis image

Onchocerciasis image

Transmission: has not been established but can be to human to human aerosol spread of nasal secretions

Caused by a group of Treponema

Caused by the nematode Dracunculus medinensis

Caused by Taenia species

Caused by infection with parasites classified as nematodes specially Wuchereria bancrofti

Caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi

Caused by a protozoa parasite called Leishmania

Caused by the parasites Trypanosoma brucei

Caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus

Caused by Flavivirus

Transmission by a vector called triatomine bugs

Transmission by a vector called blackflies of the genus Simulium

Transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies

Transmitted by the tsetse fly

Spread to people through the bites of infected Aedes species mosquitoes

Transmission: Ingestion of the parasite's larval cysts

Spreads from person to person by mosquito bites

Transmitted by drinking unsafe stagnant water contaminated by water fleas that contain Dracunculus medinensis larvae

Caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae

Caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

Transmitted by direct or indirect transfer of eye and nose discharges of infected people

Transmitted by person to person (direct or indirect)

Buruli Ulcer image

The form of transmission is unknown but contaminated water or
mud is thought to be part of the transmission mode.

Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans

Yaws image

It is a bacterial disease caused by Treponema pallidum

Transmitted by the direct contact with infected person

Yellow fever image

Caused by a virus of the Flavivirus genus

Transmitted through the bite of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti

Chikungunya image

It´s transmitted to people through Aedes mosquitoes bites.

Caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)

Zika image

Caused by Zika virus (ZIKV) of the family Flaviviridae

Transmitted by the Aedes species of mosquito like as Dengue

Rabies image

Transmitted through direct contact with saliva of a infected animal

Caused by rabies virus of the rhabdovirus family

References:

Zumla, A. (2012). Tropical diseases: definition, geographic distribution, transmission, and classification. Infectious disease clinics of North America, 26(2), 195. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7135174/pdf/main.pdf

Rupali, P. (2019). Introduction to tropical medicine. Infectious disease clinics of North America, 33(1), 1. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7127597/pdf/main.pdf

Molyneux, D. H., Savioli, L., & Engels, D. (2017). Neglected tropical diseases: progress towards addressing the chronic pandemic. The Lancet, 389(10066), 312-325.