Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Protestant Reformation - Coggle Diagram
The Protestant Reformation
The Precursors
John Wycliffe
Died December 31st 1984
well known philosopher and theologian in Oxford
best known for biblical studies (1382-1395)
pushed for english translation of the bible
44 years after death, followers dug up his body and burnt his remains
Desiderius Erasmus
sought reform within the Catholic Church
didn't want people to break away from catholic church, but his ideas helped lead to the Reformation
Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis, not just provide beliefs that might help them be saved
Praise Of Folly (1509)
Jan Hus
spoke against the church selling indulgences to parishioners
helped produce a Czech translation of the Bible
included The New Testament, Psalms, and Wisdom Literature
arrested and was condemned to be burnt at the stake (July 6th, 1415)
recited the Psalms as the flames engulfed him
The Church
Why so powerful?
owned 1/3 land in europe
Church Abuses
pope sold 24 church offices in 1487
unqualified people in high power positions
nepotism
Leo X (1513-1521
Clement VII (1523-1534)
absenteeism - church not doing their job
uneducated priests
pluralism - holding more than one high ranking position
moral decline of the papacy
Alexander the XI (1492-1503)
had numerous affairs and wedlocks
most priests of the time had hookers
sale of indulgences
Martin Luther
All Hallow's Eve 1517
posts 95 Theses and sparks the Reformation
spread due to printing press
charged with heresy (belief contrary to religion's doctrine) by the Pope in 1518
went to University of Wittenburg to study theology in 1508
lightning; conversion to Augustinian Monk; devoted to god in 1505
sent to Rome in 1510
appalled by what he saw
walks 1000 miles
sent to University to Erfurt Law in 1501
Frederick of Saxony
Luther's patron
hides him from his enemies
excommunicated by Pope on January 3, 1521
Diet of Worms April 17-18, [1521]
House of Hapsburg
Charles V
King of Spain
Devout Catholic
Archduke of Austria
Duke of Burgundy
Holy Roman Empire
lots of incest
John Calvin
fled from France to Switzerland to avoid persecution
more of a radical reformer than Luther
takes what he likes from the Catholic faith and tweaks it to his liking- creates new doctrines
wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion
trained to be a lawyer- logical approach
sovereignty of god; god is all powerful and all knowing
predestination; god determines who will be granted access to heaven
the elect- group chosen by god
Henry VIII
Henry VIII requests annulment from Catherine of Aragon and Pope declines
Catherine was Henry's dead brother's' wife
Henry refuses to agree since he is the king
Act of Supremacy 1534
Parliament declares Henry the Supreme Leader of the Church of England
gave Henry the power to confiscate all of the Catholic church land and buildings
stacks
Landed Gentry
Henry sold cheap land bolstering the Gentry (landowning class of England)
motives
Political
Economic
Personal
Edward VI (second ruler)
very young when he was "the king"
crowned king when he was 9 and died when he was 16
Anglican church took a more protestant character under his rule
Thomas Cranmer
Book of Common Prayer
guides the Anglican service
Anglican priests can marry
burnt at the stake by Mary I
Mary I (third ruler)
daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon
executed protestants
"Bloody Mary"
restored catholicism
marries Phillip II (relative)
Elizabeth I (fourth ruler)
religious unification and compromise with catholics
Supreme Governor rather than Supreme Head
restored Anglican Protestantism after Mary's five year reign
died in 1603 (44 year reign-longest in history)
Phillip II
offered to marry Elizabeth I but she declined
attempted to invade England with Spanish armada in 1588
wanted to restore Catholicism
England became ruler of the sea from that point until WW2