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Endocrine System, image - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System
Glands
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Adrenal Glands
Secretes Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Norepinephrine, Cortisol, Aldosterone
Thyroid Glands
Secretes Thyroxine (T4) - Is required for healthy mental and physical development during childhood, and active metabolism throughout life. It contains iodine --> We need iodine in our diet, regulated by TSH, TSH is regulated by a negative feedback by thyroxine on the hypothalamus and pituitary glands, calcitonin
Pancreas
Secretes Insulin - Stimulates the cells of the liver to take up and store glucose. Others cells respond to insulin by taking up more glucose for cellular respiration, Glucagon - Stimulates the liver cells to break down glycogen, which releases glucose
Pituitary Gland
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Sexual development, Growth, Milk production, Pain-relief
Anterior Pituitary: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Growth Hormone (GH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Stimulates egg and sperm production, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - Stimulates ovaries and testes and prepares uterus for for fertilized egg, Prolactin - Milk production in nursing mothers
Posterior Pituitary: ADH - Released when the blood plasma concentration is too high (and blood pressure is low), Oxytocin
Ovary
Secretes Oestrogen, Progesterone
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Hypothalamus
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Receives information from nerves around the body about internal conditions such as: Water balance, Swallowing, Body temp regulation, Food/Water intake, Sleep-wake cycle
The System
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The endocrine glands have no ducts, and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
Because hormones circulate the blood, they have broad, long lasting effects compared to nervous system responses
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Target Cells
This is the only way the cells can be stimulated because the have a specific receptor that bonds to a specific hormone, meaning the brain can regulate internal conditions and homeostasis
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If the hormones are water soluble, it must bind with a receptor cell on the outside surface of the cell membrane in order to enter the cell and stimulate it to perform it's function
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Hormone Cascade
Some hormones have the purpose of simply stimulating other endocrine lands to produce other hormones
E.g. Many of the hormones secreted from the hypothalamus cause the pituitary gland to secrete specific hormones
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