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ERIK ERIKSON'S THEORY - Coggle Diagram
ERIK ERIKSON'S THEORY
STAGE 1(birth-1 year old): TRUST VS MISTRUST
If a caregiver fails to provide adequate care and love, the child will come to feel that they cannot trust or depend upon the adults in their life.
It will affect the students' confidence to explore self esteem and things that they want to achieve later on in their lives.
Child is utterly dependent upon adult caregivers for everything they need to survive including food, love, warmth, safety, and nurturing.
STAGE 3 (4-5 years old): INITIATIVE VS GUILT
Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment
Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. Those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative.
STAGE 5 (12-18 yrs old): IDENTITY VS IDENTITY CONFUSION
Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and feelings of independence and control.
Developing a sense of personal identity which will continue to influence behavior and development for the rest of a person's life.
Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future.
Adolescents respond to need to make choices about identity in four ways which are identity diffusion, identity foreclosure identity moratorium and identity achievement.
STAGE 7 (35-65 yrs old): GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community
Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people.
Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.
STAGE 6 (18-35 yrs old): INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
This stage covers the period of early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships.
Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Strong sense of personal identity was important for developing intimate relationships.
STAGE 2 (2-3 years old): AUTONOMY VS SHAME
By allowing kids to make choices and gain control, parents and caregivers can help children develop a sense of autonomy such as potty training to begin with.
Children who struggle and who are shamed for their accidents may be left without a sense of personal control.
Success during this stage of psychosocial development leads to feelings of autonomy because failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
STAGE 8 (65 yrs above): INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
Those who look back and only feel regret will instead feel fearful that their lives will end without accomplishing the things they feel they should have.
Those who look back on a life they feel was well-lived will feel satisfied and ready to face the end of their lives with a sense of peace.
Looking back on the events of their lives and determine if they are happy with the life that they lived or if they regret the things they did or didn't do.
STAGE 4 (6-11 years old): INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their abilities to be successful.
Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills.
Children need to cope with new social interactions and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.