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Spinal Injury - Coggle Diagram
Spinal Injury
Spinal Cord
Thoracic
Lumbar
Cervical
C1
"Yes" motion of the head
C2
"No" motion of the head
Sacrum
Coccyx
Movements causing spinal injuries
Flexion
Rotation with Flexion
Vertical Compression Force
Hyperextension
Spinal Cord Injuries
Primary (Occurs at the moment of impact)
Penetrating Trauma
Blunt Trauma
Spinal Cord Contusions
Cord Lacerations
Secondary (Occurs due to mechanical instability)
Complete Spinal Injury
Incomplete Spinal Injury
Conditions of Unstable Casualty
Respiratory Distress
Impaired Sensation or Function
Loss of Consciousness
Principles of Spinal Management
Recognise signs and symptoms
Reduce or prevent the incidence of secondary spinal cord injuries
Suspect spinal injuries based on MOI
Apply appropriate spiral motion restriction
Assesment of Injury
Mechanism of Injury
Casualty's Signs and Symptoms
Contusion at the cervical area
Deformity felt when palpating at cervical area
Pain, stiffness or tenderness at cervical area
Paralysis
Numbness or tingling sensation
Priapism
Faecal or urinary incontinence
Spinal or neurogenic shock
Hypotension
Location of Pain
Injuries Requiring Spinal Immobilisation (MOI)
Struck by heavy object
Road Traffic Accidents
Diving and body surfing accidents
Sports Injuries
Injury from a fall
Head injuries
Managing Casualties with Suspected Spinal Injury
Prepare all equipment in advance
Get more people to help
Remove any accessories
Ensure that you are in a stable postion
Communicate with the casualty and your buddy
Anticipate the next movement
Use proper methods to move casualty
Neural Position
Achieved when :
Head and neck are in line with the body
Eyes are looking straight ahead and perpendiculr to the axis of the body
Guidelines for Moving Patient in Neutral Postion
Prevent further injury to the cervical spine
Prevent unnecessary movement
Provide Immobilisation
Secure head to the immobilisation device
Manual Stabilisation Methods
Trapezius Squeeze
Modified Trapezius Squeeze
Head Grip
Sternal Grip
Spinal Immobilisation Devices
Malleable Splint
Head Immobiliser
C-Collar
Spinal Board
Cervical Support
Scoop Stretcher