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ERIK ERIKSON'S THEORY (PHSYCOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT), PAIR: HAWA ALLYSA…
ERIK ERIKSON'S THEORY (PHSYCOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
TRUST VS MISTRUST (from birth to 12 months)
Infants learned that adult can be trusted
Because adults meet a child’s basic needs for survival
Infants are dependent upon their caregivers, so caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant’s needs help their baby to develop a sense of trust; their baby will see the world as a safe, predictable place
EX:
The baby feel safe when their parents are beside them
The baby will stop crying when they can sense their parents
AUTONOMY VS SHAME/DOUBT (1 - 3 years old)
As toddlers begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on their environment to get results
They begin to show clear preferences for certain elements of the environment, such as food, toys, and clothing.
EX:
The children want to choose their own clothes
They started to demand what they wanted to eat
INITIATIVE VS GUILT (3 to 6 years old)
Once children reach the preschool stage, they are capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play.
These children will develop self-confidence and feel a sense of purpose.
EX:
They started to get angry when things don't go the way they wanted
They started to feel angry or sad when we took their toys
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
(6 to 12 years old)
Children begin to compare themselves with their peers to see how they measure up
They either develop a sense of pride and accomplishment in their schoolwork, sports, social activities, and family life,
They feel inferior and inadequate because they feel that they don’t measure up
EX:
The children wants to have and do everything that theor friends do or have
They tend to work harder to achieve better result if their friends can do better than them
IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION (age 12 to 18 years old)
Adolescents often struggle with questions such as “Who am I?” and “What do I want to do with my life?”
most adolescents try on many different selves to see which ones fit; they explore various roles and ideas, set goals, and attempt to discover their “adult” selves
Adolescents who are successful at this stage have a strong sense of identity and are able to remain true to their beliefs and values in the face of problems and other people’s perspectives
EX:
Some adults don behave like their actual gender as they used to live with all different gender siblings
A students tried to be someone else because they wanted to mingle around with others
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION (age 20s through early 40s)
After we have developed a sense of self in adolescence, we are ready to share our life with others
if other stages have not been successfully resolved, young adults may have trouble developing and maintaining successful relationships with others
Adults who do not develop a positive self-concept in adolescence may experience feelings of loneliness and emotional isolation.
EX:
Young adult started to expand an intimate and complex relationship
They started to trust others except for their family in the relationships
GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION (reaching of age 40s)
Generativity involves finding your life’s work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children
During this stage, middle-aged adults begin contributing to the next generation, often through childbirth and caring for others; they also engage in meaningful and productive work which contributes positively to society
EX:
Middle aged adults started to build their own family
They contribute themselves in raising the child and taking care of the family
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR (age 60s until death)
People in late adulthood reflect on their lives and feel either a sense of satisfaction or a sense of failure
People who feel proud of their accomplishments feel a sense of integrity, and they can look back on their lives with few regrets
people who are not successful at this stage may feel as if their life has been wasted
EX:
Elderly started to slow down in everything in their life
They stared to reflect on everything that they have done throughout their life
PAIR: HAWA ALLYSA & IFFAH KHAIRINA