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Major Depressive Disorder, 9 Types of Depression and How to Recognize Them…
Major Depressive Disorder
What is major depressive disorder?
Sadness is a natural part of the human experience. People may feel sad or depressed when a loved one passes away or when they’re going through a life challenge, such as a divorce or serious illness.
MDD, also referred to as clinical depression, is a significant medical condition that can affect many areas of your life. It impacts mood and behavior as well as various physical functions, such as appetite and sleep
MDD is one of the most common mental health conditions in the United States. Data suggests that more than 7 percent of U.S. adults experienced a major depressive episode in 2017
Some people with MDD never seek treatment. However, most people with the disorder can learn to cope and function with treatment. Medications, psychotherapy, and other methods can effectively treat people with MDD and help them manage their symptoms.
What are the symptoms of major depressive disorder?
Your doctor or a mental health professional can make a diagnosis of major depressive disorder based on your symptoms, feelings, and behaviors
Typically, you’ll be asked certain questions or given a questionnaire so they can better determine if you have MDD or another diagnosis.
To be diagnosed with MDD, you need to meet the symptom criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This manual helps medical professionals diagnose mental health conditions.
According to its criteria
you must experience a change in your previous functioning
symptoms must occur for a period of 2 or more weeks
at least one symptom is either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure
You must also experience 5 or more of the following symptoms in the 2-week period:
You feel sad or irritable most of the day, nearly every day.
You’re less interested in most activities you once enjoyed.
You suddenly lose or gain weight or have a change in appetite.
You have trouble falling asleep or want to sleep more than usual
You experience feelings of restlessness.
You feel unusually tired and have a lack of energy.
You feel worthless or guilty, often about things that wouldn’t normally make you feel that way.
You have difficulty concentrating, thinking, or making decisions.
You think about harming yourself or suicide.
What causes major depressive disorder?
The exact cause of MDD isn’t known. However, there are several factors that can increase your risk of developing the condition.
A combination of genes and stress can affect brain chemistry and reduce the ability to maintain mood stability
Changes in the balance of hormones might also contribute to the development of MDD.
MDD may also be triggered by:
alcohol or drug use
certain medical conditions, such as cancer or hypothyroidism
particular types of medications, including steroids
abuse during childhood
How is major depressive disorder treated?*
MDD is often treated with medication and psychotherapy. Some lifestyle adjustments can also help ease certain symptoms.
People who have severe MDD or who have thoughts of harming themselves may need to stay in a hospital during treatment. Some might also need to take part in an outpatient treatment program until symptoms improve.
Medications
Primary care providers often start treatment for MDD by prescribing antidepressant medications
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy, also known as psychological therapy or talk therapy, can be an effective treatment for people with MDD. It involves meeting with a therapist on a regular basis to talk about your condition and related issues
Psychotherapy can help you
Ex
adjust to a crisis or other stressful event
replace negative beliefs and behaviors with positive, healthy ones
improve your communication skills
find better ways to cope with challenges and solve problems
increase your self-esteem
regain a sense of satisfaction and control in your life
Your healthcare provider may also recommend other types of therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy.
Another possible treatment is group therapy, which allows you to share your feelings with people who can relate to what you’re going through.
Eat right
Nutritious foods benefit your mind and body, and while no foods can cure depression, certain healthy food choices can benefit your mental well-being.
Consider eating foods
Ex
containing omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon
rich in B vitamins, such as beans and whole grains
with magnesium, which is found in nuts, seeds, and yogurt
Avoid alcohol and certain processed foods
It’s beneficial to avoid alcohol, as it’s a nervous system depressant that can make your symptoms worse
Also, certain refined, processed, and deep-fried foods contain omega-6 fatty acids, which may contribute to MDD.
Get plenty of exercise
Although MDD can make you feel very tired, it’s important to be physically active. Exercising, especially outdoors and in moderate sunlight, can boost your mood and make you feel better.
Sleep well
It’s vital to get enough sleep per night, which can vary from person to person but typically ranges between 7–9 hours.
People with depression often have trouble with sleeping. Speak to a doctor if you’re having trouble sleeping or oversleeping.
What is the outlook for someone with major depressive disorder?
While someone with MDD can feel hopeless at times, it’s important to remember that the disorder can be treated successfully. There is hope.
To improve your outlook, it’s critical to stick with your treatment plan. Don’t miss therapy sessions or follow-up appointments with your healthcare provid
You should also never stop taking your medications unless you’re instructed to do so by your therapist or healthcare provider.
On days when you feel particularly depressed despite treatment, it can be helpful to call a local crisis or mental health service, or the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. Resources are available.
.A friendly, supportive voice could be just what you need to get you through a difficult time
9 Types of Depression and How to Recognize Them
Miss Praepan Jantana
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