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ANP LEC 3, Plasma membrane - Coggle Diagram

- - - - e.g. pathogens
  - - - e.g. cardiac tissue心脏
  - - - 参与 cell proliferation & differentiation & morphogenesis形变的过程
- - - - Amphipathic 既亲水又厌水
        
        Fatty acid Tails: non polar, no charge, hydrophobic
        
        Phosphate Head: polar, charged, hydrophilic
    - - Lipid & sugar group 在膜外表面
    - - 使膜更stable, 组成lipid raft—conjugate signal protein
  - - - hybrid cell- protein randomly distributed in fused cell-SO- protein are mobile in PM
    - - Integral membrane protein
        
        特点：
        
        transmembrane
        
        作用&位置：
        
        transport protein, ( Chanel & carrier), enzymes, receptors
        在Hydrophobic & hydrophilic region
      - Peripheral membrane protein
        
        位置： attach loosely to integral protein/ hydrophobic region / lipid groups
        
        特点：包含filament (skeleton protein) 去支撑 PM
        
        作用：enzymes; signal transduction; scaffold 支架 protein
    - - 1.physical barrier
      - Selectively cross sth
      - Communication
        
        PM protein- receptor- bidirectional 进和出，- signal transduction
- - - - simple diffusion
        
        No polar, hydrophobic, lipid-soluble, small substance (O2, CO2, steroid hormones, fatty acid)
      - Facilitated diffusion
        
        Polar, non-lipid soluble, larger molecule can cross 但需要其他的帮忙
        
        Carrier-mediated (bind solute change shape , active transport)
        2.Channel-mediated ( ion channel show selectively for ion 根据size & charge）
      - Osmosis
        
        For solvent 溶剂 not solute, specific water channel- aquaporins (AQPS), flow occur 当有water concentration gradient
        
        Osmolarity: solute in solution
        
        Pressure
        
        Hydrostatic pressure-outward pressure , cell volume increase
        
        Osmotic pressure-inward pressure/ 把水拉进来，higher osmotic pressure
        
        当两种pressure一样，water in = water out 就不move了
        
        Non-penetrating solute： Na, Cl, K, protein
        
        hypertonic —rush out , [inside]>[outside], 瘪
        
        hypotonic —rush into, [inside]<[outside], 爆
        
        isotonic
        
        all solutes( non & penetrating solutes)
        
        Hyper-osmotic
        
        iso-osmotic
        
        hypo-osmotic
      - 影响diffusion的factors
        
        Molecular size越小越快
        
        temperature越高越快
        
        concentration差越大越快
        
        equilibrium