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TISSUES TYPES (Lab 2) 1364d5b67999571e8f7ed842ae02d4f6, Difference-Between…
TISSUES TYPES (Lab 2)
Epithelial
Definition
: Epithelial tissue covers a body surface or lines a body cavity and is present on almost all glands.
Types:
As defined by
number of layers
:
One layer: "simple" epithelium"
simple cuboidal epithelium
Two or more layers: "stratified" epithelium
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithlium
"pseudostratified"
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Function: secretion
Locations: trachea, upper respiratory
"Transitional"
transitional epithelium (bladder cells) IMPORTANT: NOTE LACK OF UNIFORM CELL SHAPE
Function: allows for stretch
Location: urinary system ONLY; bladder, ureters, urethra
As defined by
types of cells:
Squamous
Function: absorption, secretion
Locations: kidney glomerulus, lung alveoli, blood and lymphatic vessels, serous membranes
simple squamous epithelium (shown by arrow)
Cuboidal
Location: kidney tubules, lining ducts, ovary surface
Function: absorption and secretion
simple cuboidal epithelium
Columnar
simple columnar epithelium
Function: absorption and secretion
Locations: non-ciliated: stomach, intestines, gallbladder, ducts. Ciliated: bronchi, uterine tubes
Functions
: PROTECTION of underlying tissues, SENSORY RECEPTION via nerve endings/receptors, DIFFUSION (movement of molecules down their concentration gradients), ABSORPTION (taking molecules into cells: note role of microvilli), SECRETION (releasing molecules from cells), ION TRANSPORT (moving charged ion across the tissue), FILTRATION (removal of molecules from fluid), MUCUS PRODUCTION (note the role of cilia).
Special Characteristics
: HIGH CELLULARITY (cells separated by minimal amounts of ECM), SPECIALIZED CONTACTS (cells joined by special junctions), POLARITY (Apical surface differs from basal surface), BASEMENT MEMBRANE (supportive layer of connective tissue provides nutrients), AVASCULAR (no blood vessels), but still INNERVATED (contains nerves), and REGENERATIVE (lost cells are rapidly replaced by mitosis).
Cell Junctions Vocabulary
: Tight junctions, adhesive belt, transmembrane linker protein, desmosomes, intermediate filaments, basal lamina, selective filter, reticular layer
Apical surface vocabulary
: microvilli, actin microfilaments, cilia, microtubles, doublets, basal body, dynein arms, oscillation, power stroke, non-propulsive recovery stroke, flagella
Muscular
Types of muscle:
Skeletal
Function: voluntary movement, heat generation
Locations: attached to bones
Cardiac
Function: propulsion of blood through heart
Location: walls of the heart
Smooth
Function: involuntary propulsion
Locations: lining of hollow organs
IDENTIFY BY: CENTRAL NUCLEUS IN A SPINDLE-SHAPED CELL
Nervous
Connective
Types:
Connective tissue PROPER
Cartilage
IDENTIFY BY: CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNA
Function: supports, resists stress
Locations: ends of bones, nose, trachea, larynx
Function: allows flexibility
Locations: external ear, epiglottis
Function: shock absorption
Locations: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci
Bone
IDENTIFY BY: OSTEOCYTES/OSTEONS/CONCENTRIC LAMELLA
Blood
Functions: erythrocyte (carry gases), leukocyte (immune), platelets (blood clotting).
Location: within blood vessels
Defintion: tissue whose main function is binding other tissue systems or organs; consists of the following three elements - cells, fibers (except for blood), and a ground substance (or ECM).
Function:
Structural Elements: Cells in an extracellular matrix
Extracellular Matrix:
Composed of a Ground Substance ranges from gel-like to hard, in texutre), and protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic.) In blood,
plasma
is the ECM.
Cells
: Fibroblasts, Chondroblasts, Osteoblasts, Blood cells, Fat cells, White Blood cells, Mast cells. The main function of most cells in connective tissue is to SECRETE their associated matrix. -"blast" = "immature"; designates a cell that produces something.
Classifications: Loose vs. Dense
Dense Connective Tissues Types:
Dense regular connective tissue
: attaches muscle to bone; all cells organized in one direction, to facilitate motion in one direction; primarily composed of parallel collagen fibers, some elastic fibers; major cell type, FIBROBLASTS.
Function: withstand tension in ONE DIRECTION
Locations: tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses
IDENTIFY BY: COLLAGEN FIBERS RUNNING PARALLEL TO ONE ANOTHER
Dense irregular connective tissue
: capsules for organs and joints; wraps around organs and joints; allows for movement in different directions; primarily composed of irregularly arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers; major cell type, FIBROBLAST.
Function: withstands tension in MANY DIRECTIONS
Locations: dermis, organ and joint capsules
IDENTIFY BY: COLLAGEN FIBERS RUNNING IN MANY DIRECTIONS
Elastic Connective Tissue
: able to receive large amount of blood under pressure; e.g., the aorta; identical to dense regular connective tissue EXCEPT that is has a high proportion of elastic fibers.
Function: allows stretch and recoil
Locations: large arteries, bronchioles
IDENTIFY BY: COILED ELASTIN FIBERS
Loose Connective Tissue Types:
Adipose
: fat tissues; required to protect organs; maintain body temperature; much found subcutaneously; major cell type ADIPOSE CELLS
Function: insulation, cushion, energy storage
Locations: breasts, under skin
IDENTIFY BY: LARGE AMOUNT OF STORED LIPIDS MAKES CELLS LOOK EMPTY; PRESSES NUCLEUS UP AGAIN CELL MEMBRANE
Reticular
: forms the soft internal skeleton of something; e.g., spleen and lymphoid organs have abundant reticular tissue acting as a filter; major cell type - ?
Function: structural support
Locations: spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow
IDENTIFY BY: INTERLACING NETWORK OF RETICULAR FIBERS
Areolar Connective Tissue
: soft and gel-like; some elasticity; holds interstitial fluid, which carries nutrients and wastes; facilitates passage of nutrients and waste; "waiting room" for immune response cells (macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells); wraps and cushions organs; widely distributed under the epithelia; contains all 3 fiber types; FIBROBLASTS.
Function: wraps and cushions organs
Locations: under epithelium, surrounding organs
IDENTIFY BY: LOOSE TEXTURE, CRISSCROSSING NEXTWORK OF TWO TYPES OF FIBERS (COLLAGEN AND ELASTIC)
Video on epithelial and connective tissue types (link)
Histology digital flash cards (link)
