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Acids and Bases and Salts - Coggle Diagram
Acids and Bases and Salts
Reaction Formulas
Acid + Carbonates -> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Acid + Base -> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal oxide -> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal hydroxide -> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen
Alkali + Ammonium salt -> Salt + Water + Ammonia
Alkali + Metal salts -> Metal hydroxides + Salt
Alkali + Acid -> Salt + Water
Amphoteric oxides + Acid or Base -> Salt + Water
Anions
Carbonate: Add dilute hydrochloric acid and attach the delievery tube and bubble gas to another test tube filled with limewater
Nitrate: Add dilute aq sodium hydroxide and add a little piece of aluminum foil then warm. Use a red litmus paper
Chloride/Bromide/Iodide: Add an equal volume of dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution
Sulfite/Sulfate: Add barium nitrate/chloride solution followed by dilute nitric/hydrochloric acid
Iodide: Add dilute nitric acid and add lead(II) nitrate solution
Preparation of Salts
Soluble salt
Metal + Acid -> Salt + Water
Metals should be moderately reactive (Zn, Fe, Al, Mg)
Titration (using Group 1 Hydroxide)
1) Pipette 25cm^3 of alkaline (Group 1 metal hydroxide) in a conical flask
5) Repeat with the same amount of alkali and acid without indicator
3) Add acid from a burette to the alkaline solution until the indicator just change colour
6) Warm the solution to obtain a saturated solution
2) Add a suitable indicator (Methyl orange, Phenolphtalein)
7) Cool the solution and filter off the crystals
4) Note the volume of acid used
8) Wash and dry the crystals between pieces of filter paper
Metal Carbonate + Acid -> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
Metal oxide/hydroxide + Acid -> Salt + Water
Metals shouldn't react with dilute acid (no moderately reactive metal)
Insoluble salt (Ionic precipitation)
1) Add equal volume of reagents and mix the solution
2) PPT is formed, filter off the ppt and collect it as the residue
4) Dry the product in between pieces of filter paper
3) Wash the residue with distilled water to remove soluble impurities
Cations
Al: White ppt
Fe2+: Green ppt
Pb: White ppt -
Fe3+: Reddish brown ppt
Zn: White ppt
Cr: green/gray-green ppt
NH4: NH3 gas evolved
Ca: White ppt
Na, K: No visible reaction