Collected first but results not known to interviewer prior to interview to prevent bias

need to ensure complete confidentiality + privacy of info shared ?unless harm to person - or at least be able to refer on to support either within or outside of hospital (eg. offer counselling support if disclose poor mental health or traumatic experiences during interviews)

Offer support - plan in place to offer counselling or at least numbers of helplines etc. if participants disclose trauma or distressing info

Informed consent before being recruited - parents know what they share remains confidential + anonymous except if disclose anything that may cause harm or distress to them or anyone else

Research not there just to confirm someone's view or instigate policy change/determine need for it without actually informing it

If qualitative research does what it says it will do and actually determines experiences and views of people on either end of discharge education and process (givers/HPs and recievers/parents) then policy is more likely to stick/actually be useful in practice

Need HP buy-in for any policy change, not just parents, as they are the ones implementing the change/carrying out the intervention

Provides a better picture, not just of what parents want but at what level they need the info/what they need to know based on their health lit. scores

Parents know what is actually helpful to them once home (post-discharge sample) + how they want communication/education delivered to them/what methods they respond to in their current situation (parents currently admitted)

Will only use health lit. tests in the data analysis section, interviewer will not see results of test prior to interview

member checking to ensure this - send codes/themes to participants before finishing to ensure they are reflective of their views (one person from each group to review)

Multiple researchers independently coding to eliminate bias in analysis - regularly checking in to discuss results

Constant comparative analysis - to ensure themes derived are reflective of participants views

Purposive sampling - aiming for breadth and diversity of sample, may not be possible due to time constraints (need to collect/recruit over several months for max diversity of participants) + not wanting to pressure people into participating

Eliminate bias/potential for skewed results or limited disclosure as not interviewed by someone that knows them

Researchers/interviewers will be HPs working in neonates so will know the area and have an understanding of the issues faced by parents AND HPs

Communicate about study in a way that connects with parents culturally - be explicit about how info will be used, and the aims of the research/who will benefit and see the information

Triangulation - time (pre and post discharge) and person (parents and staff) to validate data - ensure dependable and reliable - trustworthy (reflects participants perspectives)

Needs to reflect participants experiences and views or may do more harm than good - beneficence and non-maleficence

Have to balance need for diverse sample with time constraints and who is actually present to participate - need to avoid coercion so sample may not be as diverse as some cultural groups may be less inclined to participate due to past experience, ethnic background influencing their perception of research or sharing opinions etc.

Diversity of sample ensures breadth of population covered - get perspectives of potentially most vulnerable, issues in grounded theory/qualitative approach if not able to do this effectively

Health lit test is based on a few previously tested tools specific for parents of newborns to limit unnecessary data gathering and make sure tool tests what it says it will

Demographic surveys based on previous studies' questions asked - to provide background and establish diversity of sample only

Medical staff currently working on neonatal unit + involved in d/c planning/education

Any parents with babies currently admitted for 1 week or more (admission shorter than this, baby may be d/c from maternity, so not relevant)

Any parents of baby's discharged within last 6 months from neonatal unit who are the primary caregivers of the baby

Primary caregivers who are not the biological parents of the baby (too difficult to sample in unit as not always there/will have had different and varying levels of involvement than biological parents as not involved from delivery of child)

Ensure participants know that their info is anonymous and confidential in terms of study, but if they disclose anything that poses a risk to them or baby - will be passed on to relevant people to get them help

Researcher may have issues in these cases drawing the line between researcher and nursing role - will need to set clear boundaries as a researcher and have good pre-established plan to avoid role confusion

To ensure this doesn't influence results, will get another researcher to do interviews at the hospital I work for and I will only interview participants from the other site who I don't already know/haven't been involved in their care

This is common for neonatal research - better access if study is conducted at the site you work at, usually rectified by only interviewing families you haven't cared for

Confidentiality - if collect demographic data, more likely to be able to identify patient so less anonymous

Family violence increases during pregnancy and neonatal units frequently get disclosures from women, especially closer to discharge - have researchers VIP trained and know how to ask questions to assess imminent risk (will be trained if researchers are nurses)