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Ethiopia case study. - Coggle Diagram
Ethiopia case study.
Location
Ethiopia is the largest and most populated country in the horn of Africa. with the 1993 secession of Eritrea, its former province along the red sea, Ethiopia became landlocked.
Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south.
this is a map of Ethiopia, it gives you a clear view of the country's surrounding it.
Link to development.
Ethiopia's location is at a disadvantage in its self. the country is landlocked, meaning it is not next or near a coastal line or the country is completely surrounded by land, which in this case Ethiopia is. This will prove difficulties when exporting and importing, because supplies will not be as easy to deliver. This over time will have a lasting effect on the country's development.
Landsape.
The landscape in Ethiopia varies dramatically. The Ethiopian highlands has mountains that are over 4500m high as well as deep canyons. There are lowlands where there are areas of land that are fertile enough for agricultural and grazing animals, as well as semi arid regions where it is difficult to grow crops.
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Link to development
- The central and western part are mountainous. Steep rocky slopes make it difficult to farm and use machinery.
- Mountains can reach up to 4500m with thin soils and active volcanoes. Most farms are small and subsistence.
- Highland clay soils become sticky and boggy in wet season and like concrete in the dry season. Livestock limited to lowlands, which become overgrazed, leading to soil erosion and densification.
- Lowlands mosquitos and malaria. Livestock at risk of diseases.
All these factors suggest that it is difficult to farm in the highlands and the lowlands. And that in the the lowlands the livestock is at risk of getting disease.
Farming produce most of the food for a country. This could lead to uneven development due to lack of nutritious soil and good farm land.
Climate.
Western highlands, which is the wettest region with one long rainy season in May-October. The average temperature in these areas is from around 25 degrees Celsius - 35 degrees Celsius. Temperatures can go down to 15 degrees Celsius in the heights.
Central area. In this region there are 2 rainy seasons and one dry seasons. The average temperatures are from 25-40 degrees Celsius. The lowlands to the east are dryer and hotter. In the rainy seasons there is an unreliable rainfall averaging 400mm-800mm yearly
The eastern Lowlands which have 2 rainy seasons and 2 dry seasons that are unreliable. the temperatures are consistently 30-40 degrees Celsius and has a average of 0-300mm of rain yearly.
Link to development.
The 2 development information boxes shows that the development can improve in the highland areas were they can grow coffee, cotton and grains, due to the richer soils and the rainfall. They have also imported grains to the lowland areas, so this may help the development.
Natural resources.
- Small reserves of mineral recources like gold, platinum and copper, also natural gas.
- Development
of its oil, gas and mineral resources hasnt helped much in the countrys economic growth.
- Only one large-scale glod mine in operation. plans to develop more mines and explore the potential of iol and natural gas reserves.
- Although this industry is onlu in its early stages, mining already contributes to the countrys exports. 2012: more than 19% of the total calue of exports from the mining sector (mainly gold).
- The industry need to be developed and manageably sustained to ensure it has a positive impact on the economic & social development of ethiopia.
link to development
Natural resources play a major part in a country's economy. In Ethiopia natural resources can be found, and there is some, but they don't have much impact on the economy. In time this will have an impact on the development of the country because natural resources should play a big part on the economy, and if they aren't then it could lead to uneven development.
Ecosystems
Mountainous regions.
- In the north west and the south east.
- In the highest areas of the Ethiopian highlands, there are chains of mountains which have a cold climate near 0 degrees all year round, sometimes even with snow cover.
Woodland forest.
- Grow on the flower areas of the highlands which have a good, fertile soil and are now mostly used for agricultural use to grow crops and graze animals.
Wetland ecosystems.
- Result of formation of diverse landscapes subjected to various tectonic movements, processes of erosion, and human activities.
- 12 river basins, 8 major lakes and many swamps, floodplains and man made reservoirs.
Tropical savannahs and grassland
- Surrounds the highlands.
- Fertile in good years but vulnerable to drought in years where there is less rain.
Deserts and semi-deserts.
- In the extreme lowland regions on the eastern border.
- Vegetation is mainly shrubs, with occasional grassland, and the landscape is dominated by acacia trees.
- People living in this area farm the land for their own use, but large - scale agriculture is starting to gain in importance. In the northeast is a desert area that is one of the worlds hottest places and contains the worlds inhabited location called dallol
Ecosystems.
Ethiopia has a diverse range of ecosystems.
- Between 6500 and 7000 species of plants. 15% can only be found in Ethiopia.
- Lions, Zebras, gorillas, flamingos.
- Large number of vulnerable and endangered species (lion, cheetahs, black rhinoceros, African elephant) - facing high risk of extinction because of deforestation.