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Normative Theory - Coggle Diagram
Normative Theory
:check:Consequentialist Ethics
EGOISM
:pen: a decision-maker pursues their passions and interests at other egoists’ expense, then the action is immoral and their activity will lead to unfavorable
UTILITARIANISM
:pen: It holds that “actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.
Act utilitarianism
:star: looks atsingle actions and bases the moral judgment on the amount of pleasure and the amount of pain this single action causes
Rule utilitarianism
:star: looks at classes of action and askswhether the underlying principles of action produce morepleasure than pain for society in the long run.
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Types of Utilitarianism
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:check:Non-Consequentialist Ethics
ETHICS OF DUTIES
:pen: ocused onthemotives and willingness of individuals to act for the good of others, even though that action might result in personal loss.
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Categorical Imperative
Maxim 1:Consistency
Maxim 2:Human dignity
Maxim 3:Universality
ETHICS OF RIGHTS AND JUSTICE
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Human rights
Rights to life
Freedom
Property
Freedom of speech
Conscience
Consent
Privacy
Entitlement to a fair legal process
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Justice
Fair procedures (procedural justice)
:star: – Fairness is determined according to whether everyone has been free to acquire rewards for theirefforts.
Fair outcomes (distributive justice)
:star: – Fairness is determined according to whether the consequences (positive and negative) are distributed in a just manner, according to some underlying principlessuch as need or merit.
John Rawls: A Theory of Justice (1971)
:star: “To choose under the ‘veil of ignorance’”