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URBANIZATION, image, image, Screenshot 2020-10-11 at 11.40.47 AM - Coggle…
URBANIZATION
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Origin- Jahnavi
After industrail revolution and the new invention of technologies increased the standard of living of people in urban areas also increased. In india urbanization started in the year 1941 from the four metropolitan cities(Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai).
It was mainly after industrial revolution when the economy started growing and urbanization took place becuase of increase in standard of living and better job opportunites.
There were many rural migrants who were pushed into urban areas by rural poverty and unemployment. The rural migrants mostly focus on shifting to urban areas and promote urbanization
began some 8,000-10,000 years ago, when people were shifting from villages to towns. It was required in addition to highly favorable agricultural conditions, a form of social organization.
What is urbanization?- Krish
Urbanization is a term which refers to the population shift from rural to urban and urban to rural country
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Case studies- Aayush
Urbanization in India
Indian urban cities contribute to about 2/3 of the economy output
These towns and cities have expanded rapidly as increasing numbers migrate to urban cities for economic opportunities.
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Challenges such as housing and water shortage, sewage,
and transportation
According to a 1901 census, population
in urban sectors was 11.4%.
This increased by 34% in 2017 and is projected to be 40.5% by 2030
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India witnessed its rapid growth for the four metropolitan
cities: Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai during 1941. This
was a major impact of the industrial revolution spiking in the European countries and as the British ruled India at that time, the change here was significant and extra labor and man force was required.
This saw a rise in the nations economy and many were employed in various different sectors.
Main urbanization began after the independence when India adopted the mixed economy, that gave rise to private sectors
Urbanization in India was mostly unplanned
Hence, many cities faced problems such as unemployment,
lack of basic facilities, pollution, sanitation, electricity, etc.
For instance, earlier Gurgaon's land was supposed to be for agricultural purposes. However, later government opened it for
commercialization and builders like DLF bought land here. Without thinking about the sewage system, building and societies were built. This is why the sanitation facilities in Gurgaon are poor and many at times you might observe construction which is mainly to improve the sewage system.
Due to the large Indian population, which is mainly the youth age, rapid urbanization was seen which many cities were not ready for. Mumbai, the city of dreams where most of the youth age would come in search of job opportunities observed a massive rapid urbanization. Many thought that the pull factors such as better housing and higher wages would help them have a better living, but as people started to enter, the city saw a massive population boom during the early 2000s.
Mumbai faced challenges such as lack of housing
facilities (because many new people came in every year)
unemployment and lower wages, heavy impact on the environment: polluted drinking water and lack of sanitation.
Many mangrove forests were also cut in order to make space for housing the growing population and to built the bullet train project.
Urbanization in India positvely impacted the economy
As the youth population migrated to India cities, more vacant job opportunities were filled and the productivity levels enhanced.
In places like Banglore, the Silicon Valley of India, more youths got employed in the newer startups as well.
Due to the large youth population in India, it is
expected to face environmental degradation as more population
migrate to Urban cities. However, this would heavily impact the socio-economic status and the economy of the nation.
Many factors trigger the cause of urbanization. Industrialization, commercialization, economy, better recreational facilities, job opportunities, and change in lifestyle
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Push factors: unemployment, lower wages, poor healthcare
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