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Early Childhood (2-6) - Coggle Diagram
Early Childhood (2-6)
Cognitive Domain
Children learn through these years with exploration and play. Their mental skills continue to advance, along with observation and interaction. They are beginning to associate symbols with functions, practicing thinking intuitively and developing communication and language skills.
A common theme among Erikson's and Freud's theoretical perspectives is that a child becomes more aware of their needs and wants as they become accustomed to daily life routines. Understanding initiative and noticing differences in people around them are cognitive skills such as intuition and perception.
Physical Domain
During this stage, cartilage is hardening into bone and so there is visible growth in body size. This is influenced by the genes that produce the body's growth hormones. In turn, this leads to improvements in coordination and perception.
According to Erikson's Psychosocial theory, children at this life stage begin using their initiative which improves with completing tasks by themselves, increasing independence with dressing and undressing, learning how ride a bike or gaining confidence in sports and other physical activities.
Socio-emotional Domain
Early childhood development is supported during interaction with parents, important adults and other positive role models such as older siblings or extended family. The relationships and connections children make in the socio-emotional domain make strong influences on health and future development.
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Psychosocial Perspective
A 19th century psychologist named Erik Erikson developed his psychosocial theory which built on Freud's psychosexual theory. In comparison, stronger influences on one's development are from socio-emotional domains.At this life stage, the conflict is Initiative vs Guilt. As children grow and start attending school, they will start to think for themselves and require freedom to explore. This will enhance all domains for them as they become industrious in later years.
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