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Components and Contrast of Meaning, SEMANTICS II CHAPTER 6, CONCEPT MAP,…
Components and Contrast of Meaning
COMPONENTS OF MEANING
WORD MEANING
A PROCESS OF BREAKING DOWN THE SENSE OF A WORD INTO ITS MINIMAL COMPONENTS
MAN, WOMAN, BOY AND GIRL
MAY BE EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF YOUNG/ADULT AND MALE/FEMALE
COMPONENTIONAL DEFINITIONS
FORMALIZED DICTIONARIES DEFINITIONS
SEMANTIC OPPOSITIONS
SYNONYMY
TWO ITEMS GIVING THE SAME COMPONENTIAL DEFIINITON
POLISEMY
A CASE OF MULTIPLE MEANING WHERE TWO LEXICAL ITEMS HAVE MORE THAN ONE DEFINITION
COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS
THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS THAT CONSISTS ON REDUCING A WORD´S MEANING TO ITS ULTIMATE CONTRASTIVE ELEMENTS
MEANING RELATIONS
SEMANTIC RELATEDNESS
SYNONYM
WORDS OF SAME MEANING
ANTONYM
WORDS OF OPPOSITE MEANING
HYPONYMY
A RELATIONSHIP
IT EXISTS BETWEEN TWO MEANINGS IF ONE COMPONENTIAL FORMULA CONTAINS ALL THE FEATURES PRESENT IN THE OTHER FORMUAL
THE MORE SPECIFIC IS CALLED HYPONYM
AN THE MORE GENERAL IS CALLED SUPERORDIANTE
REFERENCE
THE SET OF INDIVIDUALS OR OBJECTS IT REFERSTO
MEANING INCLUSION
REFERENTIAL INCLUSION
INCOMPATIBILITY
THE EXCLUSION OF ONE MEANING FROM ANOTER
THE SEMANTIC NOTION: SIGNESE
IT IS A FORMAL LANGUAGE AND IT HAS TWO CRUCIAL PROPERTIES
UNAMBIGUOUS
ARBITRARY
TO AVOID AMBIGUITY
JUSTIFYING A COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS
IT MEANS TO SHOW THAT THE CONTRASTS AND COMBINATIONS OF MEANING ONE HAS RECOGNIZED ARE NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT TO EXPLAIN RELEVANT DATA
THE DATA OF SEMANTICS IS A SET OF BASIC STATEMENTS OF ENTAILMENT, CONTRADICTIONS, PARAPHRASING, ETC. :
TAXONOMY OPPOSITIONS
THE TERM TAXONOMY INDICATES AN ARRANGMENT OF CATEGORIES
BINARY TAXONOMY
THERE IS NO CLEAR-CUT OPPOSITION BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH
IT INVOLVES TWO TERMS
MULTIPLE TAXONOMY
SEMANTIC CLASSES DEALING WITH TYPES OF METAL, SPECIES OF ANIMAL, OR TREE, OR FRUIT, ETC.
IT INCLUDES MORE THAN ONE TERM
POLAR OPPOSITIONS
TERMS OF A SCALE RUNNING BETWEEN TWO POLES OR EXTREMES
POLARITY
IT IMPLIES THE EXISTENCE OF A NORM
THIS NORM IS OBJECT-RELATED
A TERM MAY NOT MEAN THE SAME FOR SOMEONE ELSE
RELATIVE OPPOSITIONS
IT INVOLVES A CONTRAST OF DIRECTION
THE CONTRAST BETWEEN TWO RELATIVE FEATURES CONSISTS IN THE FACT THAT THE TWO ARGUMENTS MY BE RELATED EITHER IN ONE ORDER OR IN ANOTHER
THE CONTRAST MAY BE EXPRESSED EITHER BY A DIFFERENT SYNTACTIC ORDER, OR BY A DIFFERENT LEXICAL ITEM.
RELATION
LEXICAL PAIRS SUCH AS PARENT AND CHILD ARE CALLED CONVERSES.
THESE ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE SAME CONTRAST HAVE AS A RESULT CASES OF SYNONYMY
ASYMETRIC
A TYPE OF RELATION THAT SHOWS THE PRINCIPLE OF INCOMPATIBILITY OPERATING IN THE SAME ABSOLUTE WAY FOR RELATIVE OPPOSITIONS AS FOR TAXONOMIC OPPOSITIONS
SYMMETRIC
WHERE THE CONTRAST OF MEANING IS EFFECTIVELY NEUTRALIZED
OTHERS ARE A MATTER OF FACTUAL CIRCUMSTANCES
TYPES OF RELATION
TRANSITIVITY
REFLEXIBITY
RECIPROCAL RELATION
THE DIRECTIONAL CONTRAST IS IN THE EFFECT NEUTRALIZED IN RECIPROCAL AND SYMMETRIC OPPOSITIONS: DOUBLEDHEADED ARROW
INTRANSITIVITY
IRREFLEXIVITY
OPPOSITIONS ORDERING RELATIONS
THEY PLACE THE ARGUMENT IN AN IRREVERSIBLE ORDER IN RESPECT TO THE DIMENSION OF MEANING CONCERNED
OTHER TYPES OF OPPOSITION
HIERARCHIC OPPOSITIONS
THEY ARE LIKE MULTIPLE TAXONOMIES
THEY INCLUDE AN ELEMENT OF ORDERING
CYCLIC
IT DOES NOT INCLUDE A FIRST OR LAST MEMBER
INVERSE OPPOSITION
BINARY SEMANTIC CONTRAST
SEMANTICS II CHAPTER 6, CONCEPT MAP
VEIZAGA BLANCO JHAMIL SCOTH
OCTOBER 20TH, 2020