OPERANT CONDITIONING THEORY (SKINNER)

REINFORCEMENT

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

add appetitive following correct behaviour

increase behaviour

ESCAPE

remove noxious stimuli following correct behaviour

ACTIVE AVOIDANCE

behaviour avoids noxious stimuli

PUNISHMENTS

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

add noxious stimuli following behaviour

add appetitive stimuli following behaviour

(e.g. spanking a child for cursing)

(e.g. sending a child to his room for cursing)

decrease behaviour

(e.g. giving a treat when a dog sits)

(e.g. turning off the alarm by hitting snooze)

(e.g. studying to avoid bad grades)

also known as instrumental learning, is a learning method whereby a certain behaviour will result to a reward(reinforcement) or punishment