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14 English Tenses - Coggle Diagram

- - - - General truths
      - Repeated actions or events
      - Instructions or directions
      - Habits
      - Fixed arrangements
    - - (+) S+V1+ -es/-s/-ies + O
  - - - Describe an action that is going on at this moment
      - Describe an action or event in the future, which has already planned or prepared
      - Describe an action that is going on during this period of time of a trend
      - Describe a temporary event or situation
    - - (+) S+to be (is,am,are) +V-ing+O
  - - - (+) S+have/has+V3+O
    - - For something that started in the past and continues in the present
      - When we are talking about experience up to the present
      - We often use the adverb ever to talk about experience up to the present
      - For something that happened in the past but is important in the present
  - - - (+) S+have/has+been+V-ing
    - - Emphasizes duration or the amount of time that an action has been taking place
      - To describe an event of the recent past
      - Show an action started in the past and has continued up to the present moment.
- - - - (+) S+to be(was/were)+V-ing+O
    - - To describe the background in a story written in the past tense
      - To describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action
      - To express a change of mind
  - - - (+) S+had+V3+O
    - - To describe an action that happened before another action in the past
      - To describe an action that happened before a spesific time in the past
      - To describe a state that started in the past, and continued up sometime in the past
  - - - (+) S+V2+O
    - - Show that a completed action took place at a specific time in the past
      - Talk about past habits and generalizations
      - Tell about activity that began in the past and ended in the past too
  - - - Show that an action started in the past and continued up to another point in the past
    - - (+) S+had+been+V-ing+O
- - - - Indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future
      - Expresses the idea of 2 actions will be happening at the same time
      - Express future actions that will occur over a period of time
    - - S+will/shall+be+V-ing+O
  - - - Describe an event that is expected or planned to completed before a time of reference in the future
      - Used for present prediction of something we believe has already happened in the past
    - - (+) S+will+have+V3+O
  - - - (+) S+will/shall/be going to+V1
    - - Express willingness/unwillingness
      - Express a spontaneous decision
      - Predict a future event
      - Make an offer
      - Give an invitation
  - - - S+will+have+been+V-ing+O
    - - Describe actions that will continue up until a point in the future
      - Show duration in the future and followed by the time markers (by the time, when, before)
- - - - S+would/should+be+V-ing+O
    - - express an event is being done at certain time in the future
      - express about the idea that in the past action/event was predicted, planned, promised, expected to be happening (being continued) in a certain period in the past future
      - express something matter which shouldn't be happened in the future, but in reality, the matter was happened.
  - - - S+would/should+V1+O
      - S+was/were+going to+V1+O
    - - express the idea that in the past we thought something would happen in the future (prediction)
      - 'would" is used to volunteer or promise
      - "was going to" is used to plan.