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Cells, Plant Cells, Animal cells, Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Big/Small…
Cells
Seven organelles
There are seven main organelles that we learned about. They are: Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Vacuole, Nucleus, Cytoplasm.
- Mitochondria:
Mitochondria is found in both plant and animal cells and has a bean like shape with inner and outer membrane structures it is like the powerhouse of the cell. It releases most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell. It converts the sugars into energy the plant can use. This is also where all the chemical reactions take place.
- Cell membrane:
The cell membrane is on the very outside of animal cells but just inside the cell wall in plant cells. It acts like a filter that allows things to enter and exit the cell. Food and water can enter and waste can exit. The cell membrane is not a solid structure. It is made up of millions of tiny molecules that create a flexible structure/container. Phospholipids and proteins make up this structure. There are also small holes in the cell membrane.
- Vacuole:
Vacuoles act as a storage compartment. It stores food and water for the plant and animal cells. Animal cells have vacuoles but they are much smaller than plant cells. Plant vacuoles also play a part in the structure of the plant. When the vacuoles are full, they expand and the entire cell is full. This helps the cell walls of that cell and other cells squish together, acting as a firm, packed together unit. This helps it stand upright. When the vacuole is empty it shrinks, the that cement like structure is no longer there.
- Nucleus:
The nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. It controls all the activity and knows what is going on at all times.In most Eukaryotic cells it is a membrane-bound nucleus. The nucleus helps control eating, movement, and reproduction. It contains the DNA. The nucleus is not always in the center of the cell, but it is towards the center of the cytoplasm. (The liquid that keeps everything in place) It is a big dark spot towards the center.
- Cytoplasm:
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like liquid that fills the cell. It keeps all the organelles in place within the cell. It is enclosed by the membrane and is mainly made of salt, water, and protein. In Eukaryotic cells the cytoplasm included everything outside of the nucleus. It acts like the floor to a house. The floor keeps everything in place and it keeps everything from falling. The cytoplasm does the same thing.
- Cell wall:
The cell wall is only found in plant cells. It is used to keep the plant from falling over. It acts like wall of protection for the plant. It gives it support and protection so the plant can keep its upright position. For smaller plants, plants with thin branches and thin leaves the cell wall is a bit elastic, so when the wind blows it is able to bounce back and move a little. However for bigger plants like redwood the cell wall is hard and stiff. It needs to be strong so it has no elastic. There are also small holes in the cell wall so water food and waste can enter and exit.
- Chloroplasts:
Only found in plant cells, chloroplasts convert sunlight into sugars (food) the plant needs. This is also called photosynthesis The little green circles in the cell are chloroplasts. They are green because they contain chlorophyll pigment, which is green. Chloroplasts use carbon dioxide and sunlight to make sugars and oxygen. They release the oxygen and eat the sugars.
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Organelle: An organelle is structure in a cell that has one or more jobs to preform. Sort of like the organs in our bodies.
Photosynthesis: The process in which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to obtain their food.
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The cell wall is like the walls of a house/building. It is a strong base that protects the interior from outside.
The cell membrane is like the doors and windows of a building. It allows things to enter and exit when needed.
The nucleus is like the brain of a human. It controls the activities inside the cell just like our brains do.
Vacuoles are like refrigerators and water bottles. It stores food and water for us to consume later.
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Chloroplasts are also sort of like a digestive system. It takes something that cannot be used into something that can be.
Mitochondria are like the stomach and digestive systems of humans. It breaks down food into energy we can use
