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The Decline of Islamic Science_10am_Group5 - Coggle Diagram
The Decline of Islamic Science_10am_Group5
External reasons
Invasion
Reconquest of Andalus (Western flank) by the Christians
The Holy Crusades
General shrinking of Ottoman, Mughal, and Saffavid empire
Destruction of Isfahan (1384) and Baghdad by Tartar army of Tamerlane
Mongols’ invasion of Bukhara (1220), Nishapur (1221), and Baghdad (1258) that led to destruction of libraries, the House of Wisdom and others works
Destruction of libraries, manuscripts and objects of knowledge
Cordoba and Seville falling in 1236 and 1248
Internal reasons
Increase in orthodox theology after Ghazali, pulling down the foreign science while religious fields and “useful science” were stressed instead
Lack of intitutionalization of the culture of science
Lack of continuity in space and time
Absence of real community and center of science -> limited exchange of knowledge and awareness
most research was privately funded and would most likely be halted without the support of their sponsors
Absence of real university and institutions for scientific teaching
Social chasm between elite and the lay culture
Unaware of the non religious field
Lack of access of knowledge to public
Scientists v.s religious scholars
Under Al Mohamun, (9th century) Ulema and Philosopher began to fight over the influence and intervention of philosophy in the islamic beliefs
Lasted up till 11th century in the east and 12th century in Andulasia
Questioning of religious beliefs by Ibn Rushd created conflict among religious scholars and philosopher which led to an end of islamic science
Conflicts due to the fundamental differences between Islamic teaching and the application of scientific knowledge
Most Muslims preferred to pursue the career of scholars rather than scientists due to the formation of large Madrasas
lack of support by the sultan and nobility during the ottoman empire