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The Big Bang A concept map study guide ANSWERS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Sources of light (stars and galaxies) that are moving away = spectra turn more red
        
        Spectra = elements produce a unique set of spectrum lines. Fingerprint for elements
        
        Like the doppler effect
        
        EEEEEoooooo
        
        Moving closer:
        EEEE = higher pitch for sound
        Blue = higher frequency for light
        
        Moving away:
        ooooo = lower pitch for sound
        Red = lower frequency for light
        
        Waves are stretched (that's how they become more red.
        BUT a Redshifted spectrum is just moved towards the red end
      - Reasoning
        
        We expect an element's spectrum to look a certain way no matter where it is in the universe. But when we look at objects moving away, they're redshifted.
        
        We look everywhere and see everything is moving away from everything else (AKA expanding)
        
        If everything is expanding, it had to start somewhere. Like a balloon blowing up, it started tiny and grew from there.
        
        Still growing today
  - - - Nuclear Fusion
        
        Energy --> quarks (small particles) --> protons/neutrons --> atoms
      - Reasoning
        
        Hydrogen and helium only form when there is immense energy (AKA heat)
        
        No other elements could form in the early universe because of the mass 5 roadblock.
        
        Stars and galaxies produced the other elements we see today
      - Early universe was pure energy
      - Mass 5 roadblock
        
        Any atom with a mass of 5 will fall apart
        
        Mass 5 = a combination of 5 neutrons and protons
        
        Atoms build one proton/neutron at a time
        (stars are special and can sometimes build 2 at a time. Later conversation)
    - - Constant "fuzziness" everywhere we look
        
        Fuzziness = low level energy without any source
      - Reasoning
        
        Space = a balloon.
        We are somewhere in the balloon
        We look around and see the nasty breath you used to blow up the balloon
        
        that "breath" is the energy left over from the universe. As space expanded, the energy thinned out (lost energy/heat)
- - - - singularity
        Singularity = all the energy is concentrated to a single point
        
        Unimaginably hot
      - Tiniest fraction of a second
        .000000000000000000000000000000001 seconds
        
        Rapid expansion of space.
        Becomes size of our solar system
        
        Still pure energy and hot, just slightly cooler
        
        1 second
        
        Energy turns into matter (quarks)
        
        Hot enough to rip apart atoms
        
        2-3 minutes
        
        Energy and quarks turn into protons and neutrons
        Protons and neutrons turn into hydrogen and helium
        
        380,000 years
        
        Stars begin to form
        
        13 billion years
        
        Today
        
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