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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Tourism Planning and Development - Coggle…
Chapter 1 : Introduction to Tourism Planning and Development
What is Tourism ?
Travel activity of travelers. A traveler is someone who moves between different geographic locations, for any purpose at any duration.
Space = Travel away from home location or region.
Social , cultural or economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes.
Time = Time spent away from location
Planning
Organizing the future to achieve certain objectives. Possess strong element of predictability to envision the future.
Murphy (1985) said planning is concerned with anticipating and regulating change in a system ti promote orderly development to increase the social,economic and environmental benefits as part of development process
Gunn (1979) said it is a tool for destination area development, and a means for assessing the needs for a tourist receiving destination.
Helps under a low developed destinations to receive guidelines for future tourism development.
Spanoudis (1982) said tourism planning must always proceed within the framework of an overall plan for the developmet of an area's total resources; and local conditions and demands must satisfied before any other considerations are met.
Major Types of Planning Practice Today
Economic development planning
Physical land use planning
Infrastructure planning
Social facility planning
Park & recreation planning
Corporate planning
Urban regional planning
Development
Process or a state
Refers to relative condition of the subject interest
It requires the acceptance unit of measurements.
GNP, GDP , GNI
A society moves from one condition to another , and to the goal of that process where the society may achieve condition or state of development.
Development is closely related virtually with progress, implying positive transformation or good change.
Development with tourism is more on the aspect of the goal of or justification for developing tourism
Evolution of Development Concepts
Traditionally , development has been defined in terms of western-style modernisation achieved through economic goals.
Role of economic forces to bring about the development of a society.
Gartner (1996) conclude tourism development concept as an evolutionary process encompasing noticeable economic,physical, or social restructuring.
The process of increasing quality of life for tourist and host societies.
Butler 1980 saiportrays tourism development through six stages
Exploration
Involvement
Development
Consolidation
Stagnation
Decline
Categories of countries based on development stage
The United Nations tracks all countries in the world according to the development of each places.
The nation is separated into four distinct categories
Economic in transition
having a centrally planned economy
Russia
Developing countries
Regions of the southeast Asia Pacifid, South America , Africa and the Middle East
Developed countries
Western countries , Japan and Israel
Least developed countries
Africa
Measured through
Income per capita
Human Assets
Economic vurnerability
Goals in Tourism Planning and Development
Refers to integration of all tourism development into the social, environment and economic life of a community
Scholars View : 3 Goals
Satisfaction to users
Reward to owners
Protected utilization of environmental resources