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The Northern Renaissance, download-4, download-5, download-9, Pieter…

- - - - Northern European artists that studied in Italy took the ideas of the Renaissance back to their home
        
        The most famous person that carried the ideas back home was a German artist names Albrecht Durer
        
        Most of his paintings showed religious subjects, but also classical myths and realistic landscapes
        
        Albrecht Durer influenced another German artists due to the realism his art portrayed
        
        He later moved to England to paint portraits of King Henry VIII and others who were part of the English royal family
        
        Why did he only paint portraits of these type of people?
        
        His name was Hans Holbein the Younger, who painted portraits that had very much photographic detail
        
        What factors might have influenced the trend toward a more realistic style of art?
        
        Some factors that might have influenced the trend toward a more realistic style of art could be traveling and sharing ideas within one another. This could influence realistic art because people could now see what lively looks like in portraits, and see what others have come up with. Another one could be a new emphasis on individuals. Most people like merchants and church leaders paid to have portraits made of themselves.
        
        His work helped spread the styles of the Renaissance
        
        After his study to Italy, he produced woodcuts and engravings in Germany
        
        More about Albrecht Durer
      - What kind of ideas did they take back home and share with their people?
  - - - Van Eyck created much of a variety of subtle colors in clothing and jewels, by applying more layers of paint
        
        After new techniques were developed, van Eyck’s paintings would now show unrealistic detail and the personality of a subject
        
        In 1550, Flemish painting reached its high, with the work of Peter Bruegal the Elder
        
        Peter Bruegal had interest in realistic details and individual people
        
        Bruegal showed scenes of everyday peasant life, in things like weddings, dances, and harvests
        
        His use of rich colors, vivid details, and balanced use of space helped give sense of life and feeling
        
        What can be learned about people’s daily lives from examining the painting “Peasant Wedding”?
        
        I can examine from the painting “Peasant Wedding” that everyone is always doing something, whether it is a job or working at something. All of these people seem so close to each other, and must get along. I can also see that everyone usually dresses the same, and what their daily lives consist of.
        
        He was skilled in portraying large numbers of people
        
        More about Peter Bruegal
        
        Why did he get so much success with this painting?
        
        He later on influenced other artists in northern Europe because of his work
        
        Change is when you make or become different. This was a major concept shown throughout this chapter because change was experienced after new techniques were developed. People now had more ways of creating new portraits.
      - After this, an important part of Italy now became popular in oil painting
      - How did applying more layers of paint help create more popularity in Italy?
- - - - She was well educated and spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek. She also wrote poetry and music.
      - She reigned between 1558-1603
        
        During this time 75% of Europeans lived in rural areas, but capital and port cities saw significant growth. London grew to a population 200,000 making it possibly the biggest city in Europe.
        
        During this time a distinctive life formed within these cities.
        
        What kind of distinctive life formed?
        
        This is an example of the concept of time because it is something happening between two dates.
      - She did much to support the development of English art and literature.
        
        The most famous writer of the time was William Shakespeare
        
        Shakespeare was born in 1564 in the small town of Stratford-upon-Avon.
        
        By 1592 he was living in London, writing plays, and poems and would soon go on to perform at the Globe Theater.
        
        Like many Renaissance writers Shakespeare revered the classics drawing on them for inspiration and plots.
        
        Within his works he displayed a masterful command of the English language and a deep understanding of human beings.
        
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        What were some of his plays and poems?
        
        More about William Shakespeare
      - How did Elizabeth the 1st contribute to the Renaissance?
        
        She contributed to it by being an example creating her own art and by supporting the development of English art and literature.
      - How did the Elizabethan age reflect the values of the Italian Renaissance?
        
        It reflected the values of the Italian Renaissance as it was a time of increased learning and artistic support in England.
      - More about Elizabeth
- - - - This happened first in Flanders, which was rich from long-distance trade and the cloth industry.
      - As wealth would increase in Northern Europe, patronage of artists increased as well.
        
        Unlike Italy, which was divided into city-states, England and France were unified under strong monarchs.
        
        The rulers would often support these artists by buying their paintings and supporting artists and writers.
        
        Francis I of France invited Leonardo da Vinci to retire in France and hired Italian artists and architects to rebuild and decorate his castle at Fontainebleau.
        
        The castle would become a Renaissance for Art.
        
        As Renaissance ideas spread out of Italy, they mingled with northern traditions.
        
        The Northern Renaissance would develop its own character
        
        the artists were especially interested in realism.
        
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        More on Francis I
        
        This closely relates to the concept of self interest. This relates because it talks about how Francis invites Leonardo into his house, and he did this so he would look better having a very famous artist in his house.
        
        Q. How did the Northern Renaissance differ from the Italian Renaissance?
        
        A. the northern renaissance would start to develop its own character due to it leaking out of italy, such as, their artist starting the use realism as their art.
        
        More on Monarchs
        
        Q. Why and how did an increase in wealth affect the spread of the renaissance?
        
        A. Since Merchants were starting to become wealthy enough to support Artist. they would then go to other parts of the country and trade painting and would trade knowledge on art of different artists.
- - - - The Chinese writing system contains thousands of different characters, so most Chinese printers found movable type impractical.
        
        By the 1400s in Europe, paper had replaced parchment, a writing material made from animal hides.
        
        Gutenberg Improves the Printing Process
        
        During the 13th century, block-printed items reached Europe from China.
        
        Around 1440, Gutenberg developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way.
        
        The process made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply.
        
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        Gutenberg printed a complete Bible, the Gutenberg Bible, in about 1455. It was the first full-sized book printed with movable type.
        
        Why do you think the Bible was the first book printed with movable type?
        A.) Many Europeans were religious
        
        More about the printing press
        
        More About Gutenberg
        
        European printers began to use block printing to create whole pages to bind into books.
        
        This process was too slow to satisfy the Renaissance demand for knowledge, information, and books.
        
        Parchment was expensive and could not be mass-produced. Paper could be produced quickly and inexpensively. Its availability helped facilitate the printing of whole books.
        
        About how expensive was it?
      - Their languages can be written using a small number of letters.
- - - - When their ideas reached the north, it caused people to examine the Church's teachings
        
        Humanists of the north disapproved of the Church's teachings as they believed they were not influential enough
        
        The disapproval of the Christian Church's teaching tactics sparked the creation of a new movement, Christian humanism
        
        The goal of Christian humanism was to reform and improve society
        
        Education was essential to Christian humanists so encouraging education was the first step in reforming society
        
        Schools are established for both boys and girls
        
        What other steps did Christian humanists take to create their version of an enhanced society?
        
        Most Europeans of the time period were illiterate and unable to both read a write
        
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        The action Christian humanists began to take to create their ideal version of a better society is an example of innovation as they are making changes in order to improve
        
        Desiderius Erasmus of Holland was a famous face of the Christian humanism movement
        
        He didn't believe in rules to be a good Christian. Instead, he believed it came from the heart and people should read the bible
        
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        The evolving of the Church's teachings creating the Christian humanism movement is an example of change because it is a new way of believing and expressing faith