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education is a field subject, not a basic discipline. There is no…
education is a field subject, not a basic discipline. There is no educational way of thinking, in studying education, one is applying psychological, sociological, historical and philosophical to reflect problems in human learning.
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A theory discusses how a phenomenon operates and why the phenomenon operates, basically, things like how and why questions.
grand theory, universal aspect, for example, conflict theory claims that the society is in a state of perpetual conflict and competition for limited resources.
middle range theory derives from empirical research of a specific area and explain the relationship between two or more factors, for example, Tinto's student departure theory about organisations.
Macro (country) , meso (middel range), micro (family)
We can either use the theory before our research, to form a theoretical or conceptual framework, or use the theory after our research, to explain and interpret things.
Pedagogy - strictly speaking, teaching with children.
behaviorism - teacher should be in control of the classroom and repetition is the best way to learn. Cat in a box. through immediate feedback. less chance for students' own time for critical thinking and self-expression. learning cannot be realistically be tailored to students' needs. For exam, it works.
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However, just compare your research with previous research is not enough, one way to add academic rigor to your research is to use theoretical or conceptual framework
a broad theory based explanation, for example, social exchange theory for student volunteering, activity theory for ipad use.
input-environment-output theory, -------- constructs: student charactersitcs-policities-achievement-----------variables: socioeconomical status, race/ethnicity- tutorial and length- dropout and final grade
test whether a theory holds in a specific context, use theory as a basis to interpreting, critique or challenge a theory, combine theories in a unique way.
You can also use a philosophical perspective to guide your research, it is like a lens to guide you in the choice of topics and issues.
a critical theory perspective - empowering people to overcome constraints placed on them by gender, class etc. Empancipation, representation of minority, human freedom. It is related to political
a feminist research perspective - understand the nature of gender inequality and examines women's social roles and experiences. Firstly, research should focus on the condition of women in society, secondly, research must be grounded in the assumption that women generally experience subordination in society.
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Postmodernism
rejection of scientific approach, there can never be universal truth
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Imagine, say if you want to conduct research to report your teaching practice or report student performance, but you want it more rigorously, so you should link your research with previous research.
A literature review serves to identify the concepts associated with your topic, it also provides examples of research similar to yours.
You can also adapt an inductive approach instead of theory being the starting point, you should come up with an overarching theme and compare your theory with previous research.
different theories just like different maps, as a really good example in this week's lecture, they tend to have different focuses. It is our choice to think about what kind of theories will and how they will match our research.
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Ground theory, global explanations about social world, level theory, and middle range theory, theory that explain particular phenomena. substantive.
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