Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Civics and Citizenship Term 4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - People are elected to be leaders/ representatives by the people
      - Australia has a representative democracy
    - - Population represents themselves
  - - - All individuals are equal before the law
        
        People must be treated as equals regardless of their circumstances or background, before the law
      - Individuals have the right to a fair trial
      - The judiciary is independent and impartial
      - Individual have the right to have a reasonable appeal
  - - - Bicameral
- - - - By Robert Menzies
      - Founder believed it was time for a new political party to help upkeep Australia
    - - Lowering taxes
      - Backs small businesses
      - Helps decrease cost of living
      - Better transport
      - Better infrastructure
      - Minimizing governments impact on business
  - - - By Anderson Dawson
      - Was formed due to demand for representations for the working class
    - - Strong national government role
      - All people are equal
        
        Entitlement to dignity and respect
        
        Everyone should be able to reach their full potential
      - government has a critical role in ensuring fairness by ensuring equal opportunity removing unjustifiable discrimination and achieving a more equitable distribution of wealth income and status
- - - - Laws
        
        Enforced by police
        
        How are they made
        
        Making laws
        
        State laws
        
        Bill is proposed
        
        Goes through the two houses, if passes continues
        
        1 more item...
        
        Local laws
        
        Passed by shire's council
        
        Federal laws
        
        Bill is proposed
        
        Goes through the two houses, if passes continues
        
        1 more item...
        
        Types of passing laws
        
        Precedent
        
        When no laws apply to a case in court the judge must introduce a new law
        
        Statutory
        
        The change of old law or introduction of a new one by parliament
        
        Parliamentary Law / Legislation
    - - Rules
      - Effect small group of people
      - Customs
        
        Accepted social behavior inside of a group
  - - - Won't understand how system works
      - Causes difficulties with not being able to speak to police personnel or court authority
    - - Can't afford legal representation
      - Can't afford lawyer to help further understand law
  - - - Very serious offence
  - - - Through reasonable grounds
  - - - Proper procedure not followed
        
        Innocent until proven guilty
        
        Opinions are based off evidence
      - Overly delayed
        
        Cost associated with taking the case to court
        
        Emotional stress for parties
        
        Ability for witnesses to recall their evidence is altered
  - - - As name may give away, it is the highest level of court
        
        Nation wide used court
      - Cases which challenge the constitution are held here
      - Appeals come from Supreme Court
      - Exceeds $75,000 for civil remedy
    - - Higher court, as of state wide level
      - Trials for such as accused murder are held here
      - Appeals come from District Court
      - $75,000 for civil remedy
    - - Intermediary
      - Cases for assault, firearm's, sexual violence and other things are held here
      - Appeals come from Magistrates Court
      - $75,000 for civil remedy
    - - Lower
      - Cases for speeding, graffiti, stealing and others are held here
      - Appeals from none due to there being no courts under this level
      - Does not exceed $75,000 for civil remedy
- - - - 151
  - - - 76