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HASS Yr9 - Civics and Citizenship - Coggle Diagram
HASS Yr9 - Civics and Citizenship
Key Concepts
Democratic Values
fairness
All people are treated fairly, or without
injustice, and are given equal opportunity
Also known as a ‘fair go’ in Australia
freedom
Rights, privileges and responsibilities for all
without interference, or control from other
citizens or government
equality
Rights and privileges for all, without
discrimination based on gender, race,
religion, age, sexual orientation or level of
education
All citizens have the right to the
same opportunities
respect
Treating others with consideration and
valuing their views, beliefs and rights.
Justice
Everyone is treated equally and has a right to a fair, unbiased trial
4 principles of justice
right to a fair trail
judiciary independent and impartial
right to a reasonable appeal
equal before the law
The Westminster System
Elections are fair and free
the sovereign (king or queen) is head of state
A parliament made of two chambers elected by the people to make laws
From the UK
Rights and Responsibilities
rights
our freedoms protected by the law
We can have a say and are treated fairly
responsibilities
things we do to make our democracy strong
Democracy
A system of government where people vote for their representatives/leaders
representative democracy
We elect representatives (reps) to make laws for us
Voting is compulsory (we have to do it) in Australia
direct democracy
Everyone would show up to vote every time a law had to be passed
Participation
People take part to keep the democracy strong
Political Parties
Labor
beliefs
fairness at work
healthcare for everyone
access to quality education no matter what a person’s circumstances add up to
we should all have the same opportunities in life
core voters
people who are from from socially disadvantaged areas
workers
people who want a socially equal society
aims
strives for a fairer Australia for all workers
tries to close the wage gap between the rich and poor so that wealth is more evenly distributed
believes the government should play a strong national role
Liberal
beliefs
inalienable rights and freedoms of all peoples
a government that nurtures and encourages its citizens through incentive
the most basic freedoms of parliamentary democracy
worship
speech
association
freedom of thought
a just and humane society in which the importance of the family and the role of law and justice is maintained
equal opportunity for all Australians
wherever possible, government should not compete with an efficient private sector; and that businesses and individuals - not government - are the true creators of wealth and employment
preserving Australia's natural beauty and the environment for future generations
our nation has a constructive role to play in maintaining world peace and democracy through alliance with other free nations
individual freedom and free enterprise
aims
strive for less government control
believes in the power of individual and business to make their own choice and prosper
core voters
small businesses
Aspirational business people
Affluent people
Systems
Federal Voting
Australia
preferential voting
a system of voting where the voter indicates their order of preference for each of the candidates listed on the ballot
if no candidate receives a majority of first preferences the first and second preferences and if necessary third and other preferences may be counted together until one candidate obtains a majority
USA
electoral college votes
a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president
Court
hierarchy
supreme
criminal
most serious offences
homicide and related offences
serious breaches of Commonwealth drug enforcement laws
civil
deals with over $750,000
appealed to by the district court
district
criminal
serious criminal offences
serious fraud
commercial theft
sexual assaults
serious assaults
burglary
drug offences
civil
deals with up to $750,000
appealed to by the magistrate's court
high
criminal
does not deal with criminal cases, but its law and procedure
civil
appealed to by the supreme court
involve interpretation of the Constitution
magistrate
criminal
majority of criminal cases dealt with summarily
summarily - minor offences can be tried without a jury
civil
deals with up to $75,000
does not have any appeals
Types of Law
Civil
Types
trespassing
enter someone's land or property without permission
nuisance
an act which is harmful or offensive to the public or a member of it and for which there is a legal remedy
tort
a wrongful act or an infringement of a right (other than under contract) leading to legal liability
Terms
Plaintiff
a person who brings a case against an individual or business in a court of law
Defendant
an individual, company, or institution sued in a court of law
Dispute
a disagreement or argument
Damages
physical harm that impairs the value, usefulness, or normal function of something
Remedy
compensation
something, typically money, awarded to someone in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury
appeal
apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court
Common
Precedent
a ruling made on unusual or rare case with no law
Statutory Interpretation
the law isn't worded right so the judge has to interpret its meaning
Criminal
Types
inchoate
a type of crime completed by taking a punishable step towards the commission of another crime
statutory
created by statutes and not by common law
property
a victim's property is stolen or destroyed, without the use or threat of force against the victim
financial
specifically committed against property
personal
a violent crime that results in physical, emotional, or psychological harm to the victim
Terms
Indictment
the most serious offence
Simple
less serious offences
Accused
a person or group of people who are charged with or on trial for a crime
Defendant
an individual, company, or institution accused in a court of law
Prosecution
act or process of holding a trial against a person who is accused of a crime to see if that person is guilty
Outcomes
community order
gives offenders the opportunity to put a stop to criminal behaviour
suspended sentence
a judicial punishment which is not enforced unless a further crime is committed during a specified period
imprisonment
the state of being imprisoned; captivity
fines
a penalty of money that a court of law or other authority decides has to be paid as punishment for a crime or other offences