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Urinary system - Coggle Diagram
Urinary system
Functions
- Maintain the chemical consistency
of blood
- Filter many liters of fluid from blood
- Send toxins, metabolic wastes and
excess water out of the body
Waste products ; Urea, Uric acid, and creatinine
ไต (kidneys)
Embryo develops three pairs of kidneys
- Pronephros
- Mesonephos
- Metanephos
- Only metanephos persists to become the adult kidneys
- Metanephric kidneys produces urine by fetal month three
- Contributes to the volume of amniotic fluid
Location and External Anatomy of Kidneys
- Retroperitoneal organ
- Lateral to T12-L3 vertebrae
- Average kidney
- 12 cm tall, 6 cm wide, 3
cm thick
Hilus
- On concave surface
- Vessels and nerves enter
and exit
- Renal capsule surrounds
the kidney
Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys
Frontal section through the kidney
- Renal cortex, Renal medulla
- Renal pyramids
- Renal pelvis: Major calyx, Minor calyx
- Renal artery, vein, nerve
-
Ureters
- Carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
- Oblique entry into bladder prevents backflow of urine
- Histology of ureter
- Mucosa - transitional epitheliium
- Muscularis - two layer
- Inner longitudinal layer
- Outer circular layer
- Adventitia - typical connective tissue
Microscopic Structure of the Ureter
Urinary Bladder
- A collapsible muscular sac
- Stores and expels urine
- Full bladder - spherical
- Expands into the abdominal cavity
- Empty bladder - lies entirely within the pelyis
- Urachus - ciosed
remnant of the allantois
- Prostate gland
- In males
- Lies directly inferior to the bladder
- Surrounds the urethra
Urethra
Epithelium of urethra
- Transitional epithelium
- At the proximal end (near the bladder)
- Stratified and pseudostratified columnar - mid
urethra (in males)
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- At the distal end (near the urethral opening)
- In females
- males - 20 cm in length - three named regions
- Prostatic urethra
- passes through the prostate gland
- Membranous urethra
- Through the urogenital diaphragm
- Spongy (penile) urethra
- Passes through the length of the penis
การขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ (micturition)
ปัสสาวะจากหลอดไตรวมไหลลงสู่กรวยไตโดยอาศัยแรงดึงดูดของโลกและการหดตัวแบบบีบรูดของท่อไตในอัตรา 1-5 ครั้งต่อนาที เทน้ำปัสสาวะลงในกระเพาะปัสสาวะ เมื่อปัสสาวะเต็มกล้ามเนื้อ detrusor จะหดตัว หูรูดด้านนอกของหลอดปัสสาวะจะคลายตัว ปัสสาวะถูกขับออกนอกร่างกาย