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Introduction: Pathogens of the Reproductive Tract - Coggle Diagram
Introduction: Pathogens of the Reproductive Tract
reproductive performance
causes not associated with pathogens
anatomic defects
genetic factors
hormones
nutrition
physical onjury
toxic agents
about 30% of abortions are caused by microbes
repoductive failure
challenging to diagnose
herd performance
obstaining accurate samples
interpreting results
signs of disease
males vs female
often non-dramatic
manifestations
male
female
delayed estrus
decreaed repro efficiency
pregnancy loss
early embryonic loss
abortion
still birth
retained fetal membranes
metritis
pyometra
defenses
anatomic barriers
labia
vestibulovaginal ring
cervix
innate defenses
tissue microenvironment
lysozyme
IgA
defensins
microbiome
clearance mechanisms
uterine contracibility
ciliated endometrium
mucus
immunologic uniqueness
allogenic fetuses
sperm
when they fail
microbe causes
inflammation
PMNs
males
tissue destruction
females
hormonal influences
boys
development of lesions affecting fertility
impacts spermatogenesis
sperm viability
ductal obstruction
venereal transmission
anatomy makes ascening infections difficult
challenging to treat
penis and prepuce
balanoposthitis
herpes viruses
fungal
protozoal
testicular infections
hematogenous spread
orchitis
epididymytis
Brucella
spp
Actinobacillus seminis
Histophilus somni
seminal vesiculitis
asecnding prostate via urethra
E. coli
Proteus
venereal pathogens
moving slow today 10/6
uterine
infections of non-pregnant uterus
susceptibility varies with stages in estrous cycle
estrogen high in early estrus
less suceptible
mechanical expulsion du eto increaed motility
neutrophils active
more susceptible when progesterone production is high
reduced neutrophil phago cytosis
immune suppressive
exogenous entry
post-coital infections
venereal contact/relaxation of cervix
opportunistic pathogens
relatively resistant
infections of pregnant uterus
non-multiparous animals
PGF2a
endometrium
luteolysis
CL regression/
inhibited by embryo implantation
inhibited by diseased endometrium
infection or :skull: of early embryo
reabsorbed or expulsed
vagina discharge
late return to estrus
Camplyobacter fetus
:cow:
Klebsiella pneumonia
:horse:
infection or :skull: of fetus in 1st trimester
CL may persist
dehydration and mummification of fetus
pregnancy is dependent on secretion of progesterone by CL
abortion
occurs in second half of pregnancy
multiparous animals
:cat: :pig: :dog:
factors determining outcomes of fetal infection
gestation age
3rd trimester fetus canamount immune response
cause of death
source of progesterone
CL
fetal
maternal factors
abortion
bovine :cow:
bovine herpesvirus-1
BVDV
Brucella abortus
Brucella melitensis
Camplyobacter
ovine :sheep:
Border disease virus
Coxiella burnetii
Listeria monocytogenes
porcine :pig:
Brucella suis
Porcine herpesvirus 1
porcine parvovirus
PRRS
equine
equine herpes virus-1
equine arteritis virus
Taylorella equigenitalis
pyometra
