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Section 1 - New and Emerging Technologies - Coggle Diagram
Section 1 - New and Emerging Technologies
1.1 Industry and enterprise
Automation
Efficient
Less human error
Only few skilled engineers required
Virtual modelling
CAD - explore ideas
CAT - analyse design
No physical model so it save money, time and resources
Gather opinions before a prototype
Buildings and the workplace
Internet allows teams to collaborate remotely
Prototypes using CAM techniques (Computer Numerical Control / Rapid Prototyping (3D printing))
Layout should be logical to allow smooth flow of work
Fairtrade
Better pay, protection and conditions
Virtual marketing and retail
Ads
Celebs promoting
Search engine optimisation
Use of social media
Crowd Funding
Can raise lots of money
Online platform where designers pitch an idea and ask for investments
People make contributions to an appealing idea
Co-operatives
Equal share and say provide motivation
Group with a common interest
Worker and a customer
1.2 Sustainability and the environment
Resources
Non finite
Timber, cotton
"abundant supply unlikely to be exhausted OR replaced at the same rate of usage"
Impacts: CO2 emissions, transport, mining impacts, scarcity, worker welfare, ethical issues
Finite
Coal, oil
"limited supply, cannot be produced"
Life Cycle assessment
Extracting and processing
: amount of energy used to extract//produce and process
Manufacturing and production
: energy required to manipulate ready for sale
Distribution
: packaging and distribution
Use
: energy used by product
End of Life
: Energy recycling or disposal
What can a company learn from this
Where can energy be saved, improvement of working conditions, reduce emissions, materials, negative effect on community
Counter measure
: Alternate energy, reduced parts, source local, recycling
Waste reduction
: recycle, reuse, replace, refill reduce
Kaizen
Continuous improvement, achievements celebrated, save time, money and other resources
Carbon offsetting
A carbon offset is a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for emissions made elsewhere
eg. energy efficient vehicles, renewable energy
1.3 People, culture and society
Global market
Manufacturer
: trade more freely, wider market
Customer
: Increase of choices, wider competition so cheaper prices
Technology push :
New scientific discovery, designers and engineers use it in a product. Fuelled by research and development eg. touch screen and cyclone tech. in hoovers
Being first typically enables a company to establish strong brand recognition and customer loyalty before competitors enter the arena
Market pull :
Demand of the customer being the driving force behind new products e.g. mobile phone, front camera and biodegradable bags
To try maximise sales/appeal to the majority of the population designers use different sizing techniques
A range of sizes - clothes
Adjustability - car seats, shower heads
One size fit all - baths, doors
Adaptability to suit location or users - booster seats
Products shouldn't offend a group of people/beliefs
Umbro Zyxlon trainers and Gucci balaclava
1.4 Production techniques and systems
Product data management (PDM)
Software systems used in automation, all information stored centrally, updated live and accessible to all employees
Reduces mistakes, accurate costing, forecasting of product progress
CNC
CAD and CAM work through this, eg. CAD produces code which CNC follows to move the needle or the machine bed etc
Post processing
CAM machine convert CAD files into info the computer can understand to it can be virtually simulated
CAD
Advantages
Easy alteration, faster to make designs, saved, copied, transferred, worked on simultaneously, photo realistic, simulation
Disadvantages
Complex, expensive, security, updates, demand on computer, data lost in cuts of power
Flexible Manufacturing System
A series of automated machines are used in the production of a product. The machines can be easily re-programmed to change the task that they are doing which makes the process flexible
1.5 Informing design decisions
Evaluation against
: cost, reliability, longevity, sustainability, recyclability
for new technologies
Planned obsolescence
Ensuring a product only performs it task for a certain length of time
Appropriate engineered quality
If a product only needs to last for a short period of time then it would be a waste of material and energy to ensure that it is robust enough to last a long time
Upgrading
Needs to be a balance : too updateable then it hurts future sales, too little and people see no potential in product and that can also hurt sales
Design for maintenance
NO> of products designed to be repaired are diminishing and home repair is becoming more difficult, with the introduction of specialist tools and knowledge. Often cheaper to buy than repair
Consumer Demands
Environmentally friendly, upcycled, second hand products
Due to the growing realisation of reducing waste amongst consumers